Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and the intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce an electromagnetic cascade. Electrons/positrons generated in t...

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Main Authors: Ruo-Yu Liu, Hai-Ming Zhang, Xiang-Yu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf5e
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author Ruo-Yu Liu
Hai-Ming Zhang
Xiang-Yu Wang
author_facet Ruo-Yu Liu
Hai-Ming Zhang
Xiang-Yu Wang
author_sort Ruo-Yu Liu
collection DOAJ
description Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and the intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce an electromagnetic cascade. Electrons/positrons generated in the cascade will produce an additional spectrum of a robust feature, which is in the form of a power-law distribution up to a GeV regime with an index of ≲2. We suggest that measurements of the Fermi Large Area Telescope at the GeV band can provide independent constraints on the key GRB model parameters such as the dissipation radius, the jet’s bulk Lorentz factor, and the baryon loading factor. Taking GRB 221009A, the brightest GRB ever detected, as an example, we show that the constraints from GeV gamma-ray emission may be more stringent than that from the neutrino observation, providing us with deep insight into the origin of GRBs.
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spelling doaj.art-6bfa96e33c2048d681af61e92669708b2023-09-03T09:55:22ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019431L210.3847/2041-8213/acaf5eConstraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy NeutrinosRuo-Yu Liu0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-0961Hai-Ming Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-5369Xiang-Yu Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-335XSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China ; ryliu@nju.edu.cn, hmzhang@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University) , Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China ; ryliu@nju.edu.cn, hmzhang@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University) , Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China ; ryliu@nju.edu.cn, hmzhang@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University) , Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and the intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce an electromagnetic cascade. Electrons/positrons generated in the cascade will produce an additional spectrum of a robust feature, which is in the form of a power-law distribution up to a GeV regime with an index of ≲2. We suggest that measurements of the Fermi Large Area Telescope at the GeV band can provide independent constraints on the key GRB model parameters such as the dissipation radius, the jet’s bulk Lorentz factor, and the baryon loading factor. Taking GRB 221009A, the brightest GRB ever detected, as an example, we show that the constraints from GeV gamma-ray emission may be more stringent than that from the neutrino observation, providing us with deep insight into the origin of GRBs.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf5eGamma-ray burstsNeutrino astronomyCosmic ray sources
spellingShingle Ruo-Yu Liu
Hai-Ming Zhang
Xiang-Yu Wang
Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Gamma-ray bursts
Neutrino astronomy
Cosmic ray sources
title Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
title_full Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
title_fullStr Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
title_full_unstemmed Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
title_short Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos
title_sort constraints on gamma ray burst models from grb 221009a gev gamma rays versus high energy neutrinos
topic Gamma-ray bursts
Neutrino astronomy
Cosmic ray sources
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf5e
work_keys_str_mv AT ruoyuliu constraintsongammarayburstmodelsfromgrb221009agevgammaraysversushighenergyneutrinos
AT haimingzhang constraintsongammarayburstmodelsfromgrb221009agevgammaraysversushighenergyneutrinos
AT xiangyuwang constraintsongammarayburstmodelsfromgrb221009agevgammaraysversushighenergyneutrinos