Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems
Cereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/5/1078 |
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| author | Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Daniela Horvat Marija Viljevac Vuletić Marija Kovačević Babić Jan Buczek Ewa Szpunar-Krok |
| author_facet | Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Daniela Horvat Marija Viljevac Vuletić Marija Kovačević Babić Jan Buczek Ewa Szpunar-Krok |
| author_sort | Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer parts of the grain, play an important role in preventing environmental stresses. Triticale is a cereal species of increasing economic value, and also value for human consumption. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of conventional (CONV) and integrated (INTEG) cropping systems on antioxidant activity and content of selected PA in triticale cultivars (Meloman, Panteon, Belcanto) grain. The experiment was conducted in seasons from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022. Among the PA tested, ferulic acid (FER) had the highest contribution to total PA content (TPAs), with 519, 99, and 1115 μg g<sup>−1</sup> in whole grain, flour, and bran, respectively. The unfavorable hydrothermal conditions occurring in the seasons (rainfall deficit) increased TPA, mainly in whole grain. Grain cv. Meloman had the highest PA content in whole grain, flour, and bran and cv. Belcanto had the lowest, with differences of 22.7, 18.2, and 15.7% respectively. Cultivation of triticale under the CONV vs. INTEG cropping system resulted in reduced amounts of TPAs in flour and bran and PA: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) in flour, syringic acid (SYR) in whole grain and bran, and ferulic acid (FER) and sinapic acid (SIN) in bran. The CONV cropping system also caused a decrease in antioxidant activity (AOA) in flour and bran. In most of the cases analyzed, the highest antioxidant activity and content of PA were found in bran, and the lowest were found in flour. The high presence of PA in triticale grain indicates that this cereal, especially when grown under the INTEG cropping system, can be destined for consumption and provide a source of valuable antioxidants for various food and nutraceutical purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:01:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c0721686c9c4144940877f3535da7ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:01:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6c0721686c9c4144940877f3535da7ef2023-11-18T00:03:43ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-05-01135107810.3390/agriculture13051078Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping SystemsMarta Jańczak-Pieniążek0Daniela Horvat1Marija Viljevac Vuletić2Marija Kovačević Babić3Jan Buczek4Ewa Szpunar-Krok5Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandCereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer parts of the grain, play an important role in preventing environmental stresses. Triticale is a cereal species of increasing economic value, and also value for human consumption. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of conventional (CONV) and integrated (INTEG) cropping systems on antioxidant activity and content of selected PA in triticale cultivars (Meloman, Panteon, Belcanto) grain. The experiment was conducted in seasons from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022. Among the PA tested, ferulic acid (FER) had the highest contribution to total PA content (TPAs), with 519, 99, and 1115 μg g<sup>−1</sup> in whole grain, flour, and bran, respectively. The unfavorable hydrothermal conditions occurring in the seasons (rainfall deficit) increased TPA, mainly in whole grain. Grain cv. Meloman had the highest PA content in whole grain, flour, and bran and cv. Belcanto had the lowest, with differences of 22.7, 18.2, and 15.7% respectively. Cultivation of triticale under the CONV vs. INTEG cropping system resulted in reduced amounts of TPAs in flour and bran and PA: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) in flour, syringic acid (SYR) in whole grain and bran, and ferulic acid (FER) and sinapic acid (SIN) in bran. The CONV cropping system also caused a decrease in antioxidant activity (AOA) in flour and bran. In most of the cases analyzed, the highest antioxidant activity and content of PA were found in bran, and the lowest were found in flour. The high presence of PA in triticale grain indicates that this cereal, especially when grown under the INTEG cropping system, can be destined for consumption and provide a source of valuable antioxidants for various food and nutraceutical purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/5/1078x <i>Triticosecale</i> Wittmackphenolic acidsantioxidant propertywhole grainbranflour |
| spellingShingle | Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Daniela Horvat Marija Viljevac Vuletić Marija Kovačević Babić Jan Buczek Ewa Szpunar-Krok Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems Agriculture x <i>Triticosecale</i> Wittmack phenolic acids antioxidant property whole grain bran flour |
| title | Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems |
| title_full | Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems |
| title_short | Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems |
| title_sort | antioxidant potential and phenolic acid profiles in triticale grain under integrated and conventional cropping systems |
| topic | x <i>Triticosecale</i> Wittmack phenolic acids antioxidant property whole grain bran flour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/5/1078 |
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