Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions
Copepods are small aquatic creatures which are abundant in oceans as a major food source for fish, thereby playing a vital role in marine ecology. Because of their role in the food chain, copepods have been subject to intense research through different perspectives from anatomy, form-function biolog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/5/2/52 |
| _version_ | 1797570315312693248 |
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| author | Iman Borazjani |
| author_facet | Iman Borazjani |
| author_sort | Iman Borazjani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Copepods are small aquatic creatures which are abundant in oceans as a major food source for fish, thereby playing a vital role in marine ecology. Because of their role in the food chain, copepods have been subject to intense research through different perspectives from anatomy, form-function biology, to ecology. Numerical simulations can uniquely support such investigations by quantifying: (i) the force and flow generated by different parts of the body, thereby clarify the form-function relation of each part; (ii) the relation between the small-scale flow around animal and the large-scale (e.g., oceanic) flow of its surroundings; and (iii) the flow and its energetics, thereby answering ecological questions, particularly, the three major survival tasks, i.e., feeding, predator avoidance, and mate-finding. Nevertheless, such numerical simulations need to overcome challenges involving complex anatomic shape of copepods, multiple moving appendages, resolving different scales (appendage-, animal- to large-scale). The numerical methods capable of handling such problems and some recent simulations are reviewed. At the end, future developments necessary to simulate copepods from animal- to surrounding-scale are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c1900814eb54b6b82ecc3f4b797903d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c1900814eb54b6b82ecc3f4b797903d2023-11-19T22:00:04ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212020-04-01525210.3390/fluids5020052Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future DirectionsIman Borazjani0J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USACopepods are small aquatic creatures which are abundant in oceans as a major food source for fish, thereby playing a vital role in marine ecology. Because of their role in the food chain, copepods have been subject to intense research through different perspectives from anatomy, form-function biology, to ecology. Numerical simulations can uniquely support such investigations by quantifying: (i) the force and flow generated by different parts of the body, thereby clarify the form-function relation of each part; (ii) the relation between the small-scale flow around animal and the large-scale (e.g., oceanic) flow of its surroundings; and (iii) the flow and its energetics, thereby answering ecological questions, particularly, the three major survival tasks, i.e., feeding, predator avoidance, and mate-finding. Nevertheless, such numerical simulations need to overcome challenges involving complex anatomic shape of copepods, multiple moving appendages, resolving different scales (appendage-, animal- to large-scale). The numerical methods capable of handling such problems and some recent simulations are reviewed. At the end, future developments necessary to simulate copepods from animal- to surrounding-scale are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/5/2/52copepodplanktonnumerical simulationimmersed boundary methodmulti-scale simulationsform-function relation |
| spellingShingle | Iman Borazjani Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions Fluids copepod plankton numerical simulation immersed boundary method multi-scale simulations form-function relation |
| title | Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_full | Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_short | Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_sort | numerical simulations of flow around copepods challenges and future directions |
| topic | copepod plankton numerical simulation immersed boundary method multi-scale simulations form-function relation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/5/2/52 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imanborazjani numericalsimulationsofflowaroundcopepodschallengesandfuturedirections |