Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-06-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/6/2770 |
| _version_ | 1830478076697378816 |
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| author | Harendra Singh Chahar Xiaoyong Bao Antonella Casola |
| author_facet | Harendra Singh Chahar Xiaoyong Bao Antonella Casola |
| author_sort | Harendra Singh Chahar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:24:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c1e17ade99944e4bb6f914a748d795f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:24:39Z |
| publishDate | 2015-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c1e17ade99944e4bb6f914a748d795f2022-12-21T18:57:29ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152015-06-01763204322510.3390/v7062770v7062770Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA VirusesHarendra Singh Chahar0Xiaoyong Bao1Antonella Casola2Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USAExosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/6/2770exosomesmicrovesiclesRNA viruspathogenesismiRNAinfection |
| spellingShingle | Harendra Singh Chahar Xiaoyong Bao Antonella Casola Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses Viruses exosomes microvesicles RNA virus pathogenesis miRNA infection |
| title | Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses |
| title_full | Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses |
| title_short | Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses |
| title_sort | exosomes and their role in the life cycle and pathogenesis of rna viruses |
| topic | exosomes microvesicles RNA virus pathogenesis miRNA infection |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/6/2770 |
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