On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain
This paper is devoted to the quantification of changes in ventilation of a real neighborhood located in Pamplona, Spain, due to the presence of street trees Pollutant dispersion in this urban zone was previously studied by means of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. In the present work,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/11/697 |
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| author | Jose-Luis Santiago Riccardo Buccolieri Esther Rivas Beatriz Sanchez Alberto Martilli Elisa Gatto Fernando Martín |
| author_facet | Jose-Luis Santiago Riccardo Buccolieri Esther Rivas Beatriz Sanchez Alberto Martilli Elisa Gatto Fernando Martín |
| author_sort | Jose-Luis Santiago |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper is devoted to the quantification of changes in ventilation of a real neighborhood located in Pamplona, Spain, due to the presence of street trees Pollutant dispersion in this urban zone was previously studied by means of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. In the present work, that research is extended to analyze the ventilation in the whole neighborhood and in a tree-free street. Several scenarios are investigated including new trees in the tree-free street, and different leaf area density (LAD) in the whole neighborhood. Changes between the scenarios are evaluated through changes in average concentration, wind speed, flow rates and total pollutant fluxes. Additionally, wind flow patterns and the vertical profiles of flow properties (e.g., wind velocity, turbulent kinetic energy) and concentration, horizontally-averaged over one particular street, are analyzed. The approach-flow direction is almost perpendicular to the street under study (prevailing wind direction is only deviated 4º from the perpendicular direction). For these conditions, as LAD increases, average concentration in the whole neighborhood increases due to the decrease of wind speed. On the other hand, the inclusion of trees in the street produces an increase of averaged pollutant concentration only within this street, in particular for the scenario with the highest LAD value. In fact, the new trees in the street analyzed with the highest LAD value notably change the ventilation producing an increase of total pollutant fluxes inward the street. Additionally, pollutant dispersion within the street is also influenced by the reduction of the wind velocity along the street axis and the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy within the vegetation canopy caused by the new trees. Therefore, the inclusion of new trees in a tree-free street should be done by considering ventilation changes and traffic emissions should be consequently controlled in order to keep pollutant concentration within healthy levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:01:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c2133c3c618469795164482d68038aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:01:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c2133c3c618469795164482d68038aa2022-12-21T20:36:40ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332019-11-01101169710.3390/atmos10110697atmos10110697On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, SpainJose-Luis Santiago0Riccardo Buccolieri1Esther Rivas2Beatriz Sanchez3Alberto Martilli4Elisa Gatto5Fernando Martín6Atmospheric Pollution Division, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, SpainDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyAtmospheric Pollution Division, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, SpainAtmospheric Pollution Division, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, SpainAtmospheric Pollution Division, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, SpainDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyAtmospheric Pollution Division, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, SpainThis paper is devoted to the quantification of changes in ventilation of a real neighborhood located in Pamplona, Spain, due to the presence of street trees Pollutant dispersion in this urban zone was previously studied by means of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. In the present work, that research is extended to analyze the ventilation in the whole neighborhood and in a tree-free street. Several scenarios are investigated including new trees in the tree-free street, and different leaf area density (LAD) in the whole neighborhood. Changes between the scenarios are evaluated through changes in average concentration, wind speed, flow rates and total pollutant fluxes. Additionally, wind flow patterns and the vertical profiles of flow properties (e.g., wind velocity, turbulent kinetic energy) and concentration, horizontally-averaged over one particular street, are analyzed. The approach-flow direction is almost perpendicular to the street under study (prevailing wind direction is only deviated 4º from the perpendicular direction). For these conditions, as LAD increases, average concentration in the whole neighborhood increases due to the decrease of wind speed. On the other hand, the inclusion of trees in the street produces an increase of averaged pollutant concentration only within this street, in particular for the scenario with the highest LAD value. In fact, the new trees in the street analyzed with the highest LAD value notably change the ventilation producing an increase of total pollutant fluxes inward the street. Additionally, pollutant dispersion within the street is also influenced by the reduction of the wind velocity along the street axis and the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy within the vegetation canopy caused by the new trees. Therefore, the inclusion of new trees in a tree-free street should be done by considering ventilation changes and traffic emissions should be consequently controlled in order to keep pollutant concentration within healthy levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/11/697cfd modelingstreet ventilationtreesurban air quality |
| spellingShingle | Jose-Luis Santiago Riccardo Buccolieri Esther Rivas Beatriz Sanchez Alberto Martilli Elisa Gatto Fernando Martín On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain Atmosphere cfd modeling street ventilation trees urban air quality |
| title | On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain |
| title_full | On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain |
| title_fullStr | On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain |
| title_short | On the Impact of Trees on Ventilation in a Real Street in Pamplona, Spain |
| title_sort | on the impact of trees on ventilation in a real street in pamplona spain |
| topic | cfd modeling street ventilation trees urban air quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/11/697 |
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