Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of lipophilic hydrocarbon compounds derived from different biosynthetic pathways in plants. VOCs are produced and released from plants as a defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in communication with the surroundi...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/276 |
| _version_ | 1797485490155290624 |
|---|---|
| author | Nabil Killiny |
| author_facet | Nabil Killiny |
| author_sort | Nabil Killiny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of lipophilic hydrocarbon compounds derived from different biosynthetic pathways in plants. VOCs are produced and released from plants as a defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in communication with the surrounding environment including plant-to-plant interactions and attracting or repelling insects. In citrus, phytoene desaturase (PDS), a precursor of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been silenced using the <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i>-induced gene silencing technique. Silencing <i>PDS</i> resulted in a reduction of carotenoid contents and in the photobleaching phenotype in leaves. Interestingly, the strength of the phenotype was varied within the plants due to the unequal distribution of virus particles. Using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), fibers released VOCs from leaves with gradient degrees of the photobleaching phenotype were collected and analyzed in gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Overall, 47 VOCs belonging to 12 chemically distinguished groups were detected and identified using authentic standards. Simple linear regression showed that monoterpenes belonging to methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) were significantly corrected with the degrees of photobleaching (carotenoid content). Both carotenoids and MEP biosynthetic pathways occurred in the plastid. Thus, we provide preliminary evidence for a potential role of carotenoids in supporting the MEP pathway and/or the production of monoterpenes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:19:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c238625210b49108787f7b571b56281 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:19:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c238625210b49108787f7b571b562812023-11-23T17:29:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-01-0111327610.3390/plants11030276Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate PathwayNabil Killiny0Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USAVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of lipophilic hydrocarbon compounds derived from different biosynthetic pathways in plants. VOCs are produced and released from plants as a defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in communication with the surrounding environment including plant-to-plant interactions and attracting or repelling insects. In citrus, phytoene desaturase (PDS), a precursor of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been silenced using the <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i>-induced gene silencing technique. Silencing <i>PDS</i> resulted in a reduction of carotenoid contents and in the photobleaching phenotype in leaves. Interestingly, the strength of the phenotype was varied within the plants due to the unequal distribution of virus particles. Using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), fibers released VOCs from leaves with gradient degrees of the photobleaching phenotype were collected and analyzed in gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Overall, 47 VOCs belonging to 12 chemically distinguished groups were detected and identified using authentic standards. Simple linear regression showed that monoterpenes belonging to methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) were significantly corrected with the degrees of photobleaching (carotenoid content). Both carotenoids and MEP biosynthetic pathways occurred in the plastid. Thus, we provide preliminary evidence for a potential role of carotenoids in supporting the MEP pathway and/or the production of monoterpenes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/276phytoene desaturasephotobleachingvirus-induced gene silencing<i>Citrus tristeza virus</i>volatile organic compoundsmethylerythritol phosphate |
| spellingShingle | Nabil Killiny Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Plants phytoene desaturase photobleaching virus-induced gene silencing <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i> volatile organic compounds methylerythritol phosphate |
| title | Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway |
| title_full | Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway |
| title_short | Silencing Phytoene Desaturase Causes Alteration in Monoterpene Volatiles Belonging to the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway |
| title_sort | silencing phytoene desaturase causes alteration in monoterpene volatiles belonging to the methylerythritol phosphate pathway |
| topic | phytoene desaturase photobleaching virus-induced gene silencing <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i> volatile organic compounds methylerythritol phosphate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/276 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nabilkilliny silencingphytoenedesaturasecausesalterationinmonoterpenevolatilesbelongingtothemethylerythritolphosphatepathway |