| Summary: | The fungus strain SCSIO 40433 was isolated from an Arctic-derived glacier sediment sample and characterized as <i>Tolypocladium cylindrosporum</i>. A new compound, cylindromicin (<b>1</b>), and seven known secondary metabolites (<b>2</b>–<b>8</b>) were isolated from this strain. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Cylindromicin (<b>1</b>) featured a 3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran skeleton. The absolute configuration of compound <b>1</b> was assigned via interpretation of key Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) calculation. Cylindromicin (<b>1</b>) exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibition activity. This study highlights Polar fungi as a potential resource for new bioactive natural products.
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