Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin
In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2359 |
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| author | Harmaen Ahmad Saffian Masayuki Yamaguchi Hidayah Ariffin Khalina Abdan Nur Kartinee Kassim Seng Hua Lee Ching Hao Lee Ayu Rafiqah Shafi Aisyah Humairah Alias |
| author_facet | Harmaen Ahmad Saffian Masayuki Yamaguchi Hidayah Ariffin Khalina Abdan Nur Kartinee Kassim Seng Hua Lee Ching Hao Lee Ayu Rafiqah Shafi Aisyah Humairah Alias |
| author_sort | Harmaen Ahmad Saffian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:26:35Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:26:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c2b0de153af40d9810326ea4773df712023-11-22T04:47:06ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011314235910.3390/polym13142359Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified LigninHarmaen Ahmad Saffian0Masayuki Yamaguchi1Hidayah Ariffin2Khalina Abdan3Nur Kartinee Kassim4Seng Hua Lee5Ching Hao Lee6Ayu Rafiqah Shafi7Aisyah Humairah Alias8Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaJapan Advance of Institute Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, JapanInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaFaculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaIn this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2359poly (butylene succinate)kenaf core fibersligninmechanical propertiesphthalic anhydridethermal behavior |
| spellingShingle | Harmaen Ahmad Saffian Masayuki Yamaguchi Hidayah Ariffin Khalina Abdan Nur Kartinee Kassim Seng Hua Lee Ching Hao Lee Ayu Rafiqah Shafi Aisyah Humairah Alias Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin Polymers poly (butylene succinate) kenaf core fibers lignin mechanical properties phthalic anhydride thermal behavior |
| title | Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin |
| title_full | Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin |
| title_fullStr | Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin |
| title_short | Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin |
| title_sort | thermal physical and mechanical properties of poly butylene succinate kenaf core fibers composites reinforced with esterified lignin |
| topic | poly (butylene succinate) kenaf core fibers lignin mechanical properties phthalic anhydride thermal behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2359 |
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