Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment
Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/77 |
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| author | Aminah N. Ghulam Otávio A. L. dos Santos Layla Hazeem Bianca Pizzorno Backx Mohamed Bououdina Stefano Bellucci |
| author_facet | Aminah N. Ghulam Otávio A. L. dos Santos Layla Hazeem Bianca Pizzorno Backx Mohamed Bououdina Stefano Bellucci |
| author_sort | Aminah N. Ghulam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c3b72a992894826944d2a162c36b6f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c3b72a992894826944d2a162c36b6f12023-11-23T17:19:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832022-06-011327710.3390/jfb13020077Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and EnvironmentAminah N. Ghulam0Otávio A. L. dos Santos1Layla Hazeem2Bianca Pizzorno Backx3Mohamed Bououdina4Stefano Bellucci5Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, BahrainInstituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, BrazilDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, BahrainNumpex-Bio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, BrazilDepartment of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi ArabiaINFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, ItalyGraphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/77graphene derivativeshealthenvironmentcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Aminah N. Ghulam Otávio A. L. dos Santos Layla Hazeem Bianca Pizzorno Backx Mohamed Bououdina Stefano Bellucci Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment Journal of Functional Biomaterials graphene derivatives health environment cytotoxicity |
| title | Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment |
| title_full | Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment |
| title_fullStr | Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment |
| title_short | Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment |
| title_sort | graphene oxide go materials applications and toxicity on living organisms and environment |
| topic | graphene derivatives health environment cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/77 |
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