Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometer...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03277-9 |
| _version_ | 1818752634613399552 |
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| author | Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman |
| author_facet | Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman |
| author_sort | Gonzalo A. Álvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometers, but other sources of information like those delivered by constrained diffusion processes, enable one extract morphological information down to micron and sub-micron scales. We report here on a new method that also exploits diffusion – isotropic or anisotropic– to sense morphological parameters in the nm-mm range, based on distributions of susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients. A theoretical framework is developed to define this source of information, leading to the proposition of internal gradient-distribution tensors. Gradient-based spin-echo sequences are designed to measure these new observables. These methods can be used to map orientations even when dealing with unconstrained diffusion, as is here demonstrated with studies of structured systems, including tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:54:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:54:35Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e02022-12-21T21:20:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222017-06-017111010.1038/s41598-017-03277-9Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonanceGonzalo A. Álvarez0Noam Shemesh1Lucio Frydman2Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceAbstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometers, but other sources of information like those delivered by constrained diffusion processes, enable one extract morphological information down to micron and sub-micron scales. We report here on a new method that also exploits diffusion – isotropic or anisotropic– to sense morphological parameters in the nm-mm range, based on distributions of susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients. A theoretical framework is developed to define this source of information, leading to the proposition of internal gradient-distribution tensors. Gradient-based spin-echo sequences are designed to measure these new observables. These methods can be used to map orientations even when dealing with unconstrained diffusion, as is here demonstrated with studies of structured systems, including tissues.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03277-9 |
| spellingShingle | Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance Scientific Reports |
| title | Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| title_full | Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| title_fullStr | Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| title_short | Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| title_sort | internal gradient distributions a susceptibility derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03277-9 |
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