Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones
This study compares the consolidation efficiency and compatibility of three selected alkoxysilanes on two porous carbonate and silicate substrates. Emphasis was given to artificially induced microstructural defects and subsequent restoration of mechanical and physical properties. Two newly engineere...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/1/156 |
| _version_ | 1811191885101793280 |
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| author | Matea Ban Elisabeth Mascha Johannes Weber Andreas Rohatsch José Delgado Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Matea Ban Elisabeth Mascha Johannes Weber Andreas Rohatsch José Delgado Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Matea Ban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study compares the consolidation efficiency and compatibility of three selected alkoxysilanes on two porous carbonate and silicate substrates. Emphasis was given to artificially induced microstructural defects and subsequent restoration of mechanical and physical properties. Two newly engineered formulations (1) a TiO2 modified tetraethyl-orthosilicate in isopropanol with 70% active content and (2) a TiO2 modified alkyl-trialkoxysilane in isopropanol with 75% active content were compared to a commercial product (3), a solvent free tetraethyl-orthosilicate with 99% active content. Treatments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, colour impact and their effect on dynamic modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile- and flexural strengths, capillary water absorption and water vapour permeability. A key outcome was that mechanical strength gain induced by treatments is primarily governed by a stone’s texture and microstructure, and secondarily by the gel deposition rate of consolidants. Likewise, the kinetics of the gel-forming reaction during curing is dependent not only on the product but also on the substrate. Therefore, the moisture related properties and the visual impact develop during time. There is no general trend on how it evolves in time, which can lead to incorrect interpretations of treatment compatibility. The results prove that wide-ranging treatment performance is obtained when applying the same products on different substrates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:43:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c3ddd3ce0274f289c1930cfbcb62318 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:43:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c3ddd3ce0274f289c1930cfbcb623182022-12-22T03:56:43ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442019-01-0112115610.3390/ma12010156ma12010156Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate StonesMatea Ban0Elisabeth Mascha1Johannes Weber2Andreas Rohatsch3José Delgado Rodrigues4Institute of Geotechnics, Research Centre of Engineering Geology, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Art and Technology, Conservation Science, University of Applied Arts Vienna, 1010 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Art and Technology, Conservation Science, University of Applied Arts Vienna, 1010 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Geotechnics, Research Centre of Engineering Geology, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, AustriaNational Laboratory for Civil Engineering Lisbon, 1700-066 Lisbon, PortugalThis study compares the consolidation efficiency and compatibility of three selected alkoxysilanes on two porous carbonate and silicate substrates. Emphasis was given to artificially induced microstructural defects and subsequent restoration of mechanical and physical properties. Two newly engineered formulations (1) a TiO2 modified tetraethyl-orthosilicate in isopropanol with 70% active content and (2) a TiO2 modified alkyl-trialkoxysilane in isopropanol with 75% active content were compared to a commercial product (3), a solvent free tetraethyl-orthosilicate with 99% active content. Treatments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, colour impact and their effect on dynamic modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile- and flexural strengths, capillary water absorption and water vapour permeability. A key outcome was that mechanical strength gain induced by treatments is primarily governed by a stone’s texture and microstructure, and secondarily by the gel deposition rate of consolidants. Likewise, the kinetics of the gel-forming reaction during curing is dependent not only on the product but also on the substrate. Therefore, the moisture related properties and the visual impact develop during time. There is no general trend on how it evolves in time, which can lead to incorrect interpretations of treatment compatibility. The results prove that wide-ranging treatment performance is obtained when applying the same products on different substrates.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/1/156stone consolidantstetraethyl-orthosilicateethyl silicateTEOSalkyl-trialkoxysilaneefficiencycompatibilitynatural stonemechanical testingscanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Matea Ban Elisabeth Mascha Johannes Weber Andreas Rohatsch José Delgado Rodrigues Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones Materials stone consolidants tetraethyl-orthosilicate ethyl silicate TEOS alkyl-trialkoxysilane efficiency compatibility natural stone mechanical testing scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones |
| title_full | Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones |
| title_short | Efficiency and Compatibility of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Porous Carbonate and Silicate Stones |
| title_sort | efficiency and compatibility of selected alkoxysilanes on porous carbonate and silicate stones |
| topic | stone consolidants tetraethyl-orthosilicate ethyl silicate TEOS alkyl-trialkoxysilane efficiency compatibility natural stone mechanical testing scanning electron microscopy |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/1/156 |
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