Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review
Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by cognitive impairment and other neurological disorders developed in a short span of fewer than 2 years. Currently viewed as new and infrequent entities, most medical personnel have little understanding of it. Nev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Neurology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/525701 |
| _version_ | 1828276360975482880 |
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| author | Carlos Andrés Clavijo Ana María Portilla Buenaventura Galo Santiago Benavides Albornoz Juan José Muñoz Cabrera María Camila Murillo Reyes Alejandra Chauvez Gallego Carlos Alberto Hurtado González Sebastian Ospina Otalvaro Carlos Steven Marmolejo Escobar Karen Julieth Quebrada Mera Paola Andrea Gutiérrez Lenis Lina María Arango García Armando Lucumí |
| author_facet | Carlos Andrés Clavijo Ana María Portilla Buenaventura Galo Santiago Benavides Albornoz Juan José Muñoz Cabrera María Camila Murillo Reyes Alejandra Chauvez Gallego Carlos Alberto Hurtado González Sebastian Ospina Otalvaro Carlos Steven Marmolejo Escobar Karen Julieth Quebrada Mera Paola Andrea Gutiérrez Lenis Lina María Arango García Armando Lucumí |
| author_sort | Carlos Andrés Clavijo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by cognitive impairment and other neurological disorders developed in a short span of fewer than 2 years. Currently viewed as new and infrequent entities, most medical personnel have little understanding of it. Nevertheless, they significantly compromise many patients’ quality of life. Here, we drive 3 clinical cases that evolve as RPD with different etiologies. Case 1:70-year-old woman presented to the emergency with neuropsychiatric syndrome for 18 days. The researchers identified inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), protein 14-3-3-positive T-tau protein, MRI: T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in bilateral caudate nuclei with diffusion restriction, EEG shows a generalized periodic pattern with triphasic wave morphology. Case 2:29-year-old man with cognitive impairment and faciobrachial dystonia seizure. The diagnosis was confirmed by achieving elevated antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels. Case 3:A 49-year-old woman with encephalopathy and myoclonic seizures; EEG and MRI showed subtle changes. The patient also had a normal CSF but a positive CBA serologic NMDA-R antibody test. We described fundamental aspects of RPD to allow made differential diagnoses in patients with cognitive impairment and encephalopathy. Establishing an early and accurate diagnosis can benefit patients with RPD etiologies that are treatable and even reversible, decreasing in morbidity and mortality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:56:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c4cab18ce2441a5bc67a29339f4b252 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-680X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:56:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Karger Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c4cab18ce2441a5bc67a29339f4b2522022-12-22T02:57:14ZengKarger PublishersCase Reports in Neurology1662-680X2022-11-0114344145510.1159/000525701525701Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative ReviewCarlos Andrés Clavijo0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-8529Ana María Portilla Buenaventura1Galo Santiago Benavides Albornoz2Juan José Muñoz Cabrera3María Camila Murillo Reyes4Alejandra Chauvez Gallego5Carlos Alberto Hurtado González6Sebastian Ospina Otalvaro7Carlos Steven Marmolejo Escobar8Karen Julieth Quebrada Mera9Paola Andrea Gutiérrez Lenis10Lina María Arango García11Armando Lucumí12Department of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaDepartment of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaDepartment of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaDepartment of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaDepartment of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaDepartment of Neurology, Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Pontificia Javeriana Cali, Cali, ColombiaPsychology School, Cooperativa University, Cali, ColombiaPsychology School, Cooperativa University, Cali, ColombiaPsychology School, Cooperativa University, Cali, ColombiaPsychology School, Cooperativa University, Cali, ColombiaPsychology School, Cooperativa University, Cali, ColombiaSpecialist in Psychiatry, Libre University, Cali, ColombiaResearch Department, Faculty of Medicine, Libre University, Cali, ColombiaRapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by cognitive impairment and other neurological disorders developed in a short span of fewer than 2 years. Currently viewed as new and infrequent entities, most medical personnel have little understanding of it. Nevertheless, they significantly compromise many patients’ quality of life. Here, we drive 3 clinical cases that evolve as RPD with different etiologies. Case 1:70-year-old woman presented to the emergency with neuropsychiatric syndrome for 18 days. The researchers identified inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), protein 14-3-3-positive T-tau protein, MRI: T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in bilateral caudate nuclei with diffusion restriction, EEG shows a generalized periodic pattern with triphasic wave morphology. Case 2:29-year-old man with cognitive impairment and faciobrachial dystonia seizure. The diagnosis was confirmed by achieving elevated antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels. Case 3:A 49-year-old woman with encephalopathy and myoclonic seizures; EEG and MRI showed subtle changes. The patient also had a normal CSF but a positive CBA serologic NMDA-R antibody test. We described fundamental aspects of RPD to allow made differential diagnoses in patients with cognitive impairment and encephalopathy. Establishing an early and accurate diagnosis can benefit patients with RPD etiologies that are treatable and even reversible, decreasing in morbidity and mortality.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/525701rapidly progressive dementiavoltage-gated potassium channel complexnmdarencephalitiscreutzfeldt-jakob disease |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Andrés Clavijo Ana María Portilla Buenaventura Galo Santiago Benavides Albornoz Juan José Muñoz Cabrera María Camila Murillo Reyes Alejandra Chauvez Gallego Carlos Alberto Hurtado González Sebastian Ospina Otalvaro Carlos Steven Marmolejo Escobar Karen Julieth Quebrada Mera Paola Andrea Gutiérrez Lenis Lina María Arango García Armando Lucumí Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review Case Reports in Neurology rapidly progressive dementia voltage-gated potassium channel complex nmdar encephalitis creutzfeldt-jakob disease |
| title | Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review |
| title_full | Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review |
| title_short | Case Report: Three Case Reports of Rapidly Progressive Dementias and Narrative Review |
| title_sort | case report three case reports of rapidly progressive dementias and narrative review |
| topic | rapidly progressive dementia voltage-gated potassium channel complex nmdar encephalitis creutzfeldt-jakob disease |
| url | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/525701 |
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