Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey
The encounter and capture of bacteria and phytoplankton by microbial predators and parasites is fundamental to marine ecosystem organization and activity. Here, we combined classic biophysical models with published laboratory measurements to infer functional traits, including encounter kernel and ca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00182/full |
| _version_ | 1811279728862035968 |
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| author | David Talmy Stephen J. Beckett Adam B. Zhang Darcy A. A. Taniguchi Joshua S. Weitz Joshua S. Weitz Michael J. Follows |
| author_facet | David Talmy Stephen J. Beckett Adam B. Zhang Darcy A. A. Taniguchi Joshua S. Weitz Joshua S. Weitz Michael J. Follows |
| author_sort | David Talmy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The encounter and capture of bacteria and phytoplankton by microbial predators and parasites is fundamental to marine ecosystem organization and activity. Here, we combined classic biophysical models with published laboratory measurements to infer functional traits, including encounter kernel and capture efficiency, for a wide range of marine viruses and microzooplankton grazers. Despite virus particles being orders of magnitude smaller than microzooplankton grazers, virus encounter kernels and adsorption rates were in many cases comparable in magnitude to grazer encounter kernel and clearance, pointing to Brownian motion as a highly effective method of transport for viruses. Inferred virus adsorption efficiency covered many orders of magnitude, but the median virus adsorption efficiency was between 5 and 25% depending on the assumed host swimming speed. Uncertainty on predator detection area and swimming speed prevented robust inference of grazer capture efficiency, but sensitivity analysis was used to identify bounds on unconstrained processes. These results provide a common functional trait framework for understanding marine host-virus and predator-prey interactions, and highlight the value of theory for interpreting measured life-history traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c59cd4ad07645f7a42ce43c93ee9d5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c59cd4ad07645f7a42ce43c93ee9d5c2022-12-22T03:09:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452019-04-01610.3389/fmars.2019.00182446745Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial PreyDavid Talmy0Stephen J. Beckett1Adam B. Zhang2Darcy A. A. Taniguchi3Joshua S. Weitz4Joshua S. Weitz5Michael J. Follows6Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United StatesSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United StatesThe encounter and capture of bacteria and phytoplankton by microbial predators and parasites is fundamental to marine ecosystem organization and activity. Here, we combined classic biophysical models with published laboratory measurements to infer functional traits, including encounter kernel and capture efficiency, for a wide range of marine viruses and microzooplankton grazers. Despite virus particles being orders of magnitude smaller than microzooplankton grazers, virus encounter kernels and adsorption rates were in many cases comparable in magnitude to grazer encounter kernel and clearance, pointing to Brownian motion as a highly effective method of transport for viruses. Inferred virus adsorption efficiency covered many orders of magnitude, but the median virus adsorption efficiency was between 5 and 25% depending on the assumed host swimming speed. Uncertainty on predator detection area and swimming speed prevented robust inference of grazer capture efficiency, but sensitivity analysis was used to identify bounds on unconstrained processes. These results provide a common functional trait framework for understanding marine host-virus and predator-prey interactions, and highlight the value of theory for interpreting measured life-history traits.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00182/fullvirusmicrozooplanktonsizeencounterprey capture |
| spellingShingle | David Talmy Stephen J. Beckett Adam B. Zhang Darcy A. A. Taniguchi Joshua S. Weitz Joshua S. Weitz Michael J. Follows Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey Frontiers in Marine Science virus microzooplankton size encounter prey capture |
| title | Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey |
| title_full | Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey |
| title_fullStr | Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey |
| title_short | Contrasting Controls on Microzooplankton Grazing and Viral Infection of Microbial Prey |
| title_sort | contrasting controls on microzooplankton grazing and viral infection of microbial prey |
| topic | virus microzooplankton size encounter prey capture |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00182/full |
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