Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination
The auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors are a key component in auxin signaling and play diverse functions in plant growth, development, and stress response. ARFs are regulated at the transcript level and posttranslationally by protein modifications. However, relatively little is known...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9437 |
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| author | Keke Li Sheng Wang Hong Wu Hong Wang |
| author_facet | Keke Li Sheng Wang Hong Wu Hong Wang |
| author_sort | Keke Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors are a key component in auxin signaling and play diverse functions in plant growth, development, and stress response. ARFs are regulated at the transcript level and posttranslationally by protein modifications. However, relatively little is known regarding the control of ARF protein levels. We expressed five different ARFs with an HA (hemagglutinin) tag and observed that their protein levels under the same promoter varied considerably. Interestingly, their protein levels were affected by several hormonal and environmental conditions, but not by the auxin treatment. ABA (abscisic acid) as well as 4 °C and salt treatments decreased the levels of HA-ARF5, HA-ARF6, and HA-ARF10, but not that of HA-ARF19, while 37 °C treatment increased the levels of the four HA-ARFs, suggesting that the ARF protein levels are regulated by multiple factors. Furthermore, MG132 inhibited the reduction of HA-ARF6 level by ABA and 4 °C treatments, suggesting that these treatments decrease HA-ARF6 level through 26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. It was also found that ABA treatment drastically increased HA-ARF6 ubiquitination, without strongly affecting the ubiquitination profile of the total proteins. Together, these results reveal another layer of control on ARFs, which could serve to integrate multiple hormonal and environmental signals into the ARF-regulated gene expression. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:08:50Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6c59f3e5f3d14027a777b280d0fb81d72023-11-21T00:21:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012124943710.3390/ijms21249437Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein UbiquitinationKeke Li0Sheng Wang1Hong Wu2Hong Wang3State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresouces, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, CanadaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresouces, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, CanadaThe auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors are a key component in auxin signaling and play diverse functions in plant growth, development, and stress response. ARFs are regulated at the transcript level and posttranslationally by protein modifications. However, relatively little is known regarding the control of ARF protein levels. We expressed five different ARFs with an HA (hemagglutinin) tag and observed that their protein levels under the same promoter varied considerably. Interestingly, their protein levels were affected by several hormonal and environmental conditions, but not by the auxin treatment. ABA (abscisic acid) as well as 4 °C and salt treatments decreased the levels of HA-ARF5, HA-ARF6, and HA-ARF10, but not that of HA-ARF19, while 37 °C treatment increased the levels of the four HA-ARFs, suggesting that the ARF protein levels are regulated by multiple factors. Furthermore, MG132 inhibited the reduction of HA-ARF6 level by ABA and 4 °C treatments, suggesting that these treatments decrease HA-ARF6 level through 26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. It was also found that ABA treatment drastically increased HA-ARF6 ubiquitination, without strongly affecting the ubiquitination profile of the total proteins. Together, these results reveal another layer of control on ARFs, which could serve to integrate multiple hormonal and environmental signals into the ARF-regulated gene expression.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9437abscisic acidArabidopsisauxin response factorARF6protein levelprotein ubiquitination |
| spellingShingle | Keke Li Sheng Wang Hong Wu Hong Wang Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination International Journal of Molecular Sciences abscisic acid Arabidopsis auxin response factor ARF6 protein level protein ubiquitination |
| title | Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination |
| title_full | Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination |
| title_fullStr | Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination |
| title_short | Protein Levels of Several Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors Are Regulated by Multiple Factors and ABA Promotes ARF6 Protein Ubiquitination |
| title_sort | protein levels of several arabidopsis auxin response factors are regulated by multiple factors and aba promotes arf6 protein ubiquitination |
| topic | abscisic acid Arabidopsis auxin response factor ARF6 protein level protein ubiquitination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9437 |
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