Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10572 |
| _version_ | 1797487236678156288 |
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| author | Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah Junwei Wang Amer E. Alkhalifa Andrew B. Roberts Ruchika Raj Euitaek Yang Amal Kaddoumi |
| author_facet | Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah Junwei Wang Amer E. Alkhalifa Andrew B. Roberts Ruchika Raj Euitaek Yang Amal Kaddoumi |
| author_sort | Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet, those two hallmarks do not explain the full pathology seen with AD, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms. Neuroinflammation could offer another explanation for the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of the immune cells’ microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. In AD, microglia and astrocytes become reactive by several mechanisms leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause further neuronal damage. We then provide updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials to target neuroinflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c70caa46b644ba48f1f87120d94eb66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c70caa46b644ba48f1f87120d94eb662023-11-23T16:44:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123181057210.3390/ijms231810572Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s DiseaseNour F. Al-Ghraiybah0Junwei Wang1Amer E. Alkhalifa2Andrew B. Roberts3Ruchika Raj4Euitaek Yang5Amal Kaddoumi6Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USADivision of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USAAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet, those two hallmarks do not explain the full pathology seen with AD, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms. Neuroinflammation could offer another explanation for the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of the immune cells’ microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. In AD, microglia and astrocytes become reactive by several mechanisms leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause further neuronal damage. We then provide updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials to target neuroinflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10572Alzheimer’s diseaseneuroinflammationmicrogliaastrocytesdiagnostic markerstherapeutics |
| spellingShingle | Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah Junwei Wang Amer E. Alkhalifa Andrew B. Roberts Ruchika Raj Euitaek Yang Amal Kaddoumi Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alzheimer’s disease neuroinflammation microglia astrocytes diagnostic markers therapeutics |
| title | Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | glial cell mediated neuroinflammation in alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease neuroinflammation microglia astrocytes diagnostic markers therapeutics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10572 |
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