Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily)
The antibiotic and nematocidal activities of extracts from two coastal lichen species collected on Lampedusa Island (Sicily), <i>Ramalina implexa</i> Nyl. and <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> Ach., were tested. Methyl orsellinate, orcinol, (+)-montagnetol, and for the first time 4-c...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Jesús García Zorrilla Trifone D’Addabbo Emanuela Roscetto Chiara Varriale Maria Rosaria Catania Maria Chiara Zonno Claudio Altomare Giuseppe Surico Pier Luigi Nimis Antonio Evidente |
| author_facet | Jesús García Zorrilla Trifone D’Addabbo Emanuela Roscetto Chiara Varriale Maria Rosaria Catania Maria Chiara Zonno Claudio Altomare Giuseppe Surico Pier Luigi Nimis Antonio Evidente |
| author_sort | Jesús García Zorrilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The antibiotic and nematocidal activities of extracts from two coastal lichen species collected on Lampedusa Island (Sicily), <i>Ramalina implexa</i> Nyl. and <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> Ach., were tested. Methyl orsellinate, orcinol, (+)-montagnetol, and for the first time 4-chlororcinol were isolated from <i>Roccella phycopsis</i>. (+)-Usnic acid was obtained from <i>Ramalina implexa</i>. The crude organic extract of both lichen species showed strong antibiotic activity against some bacterial species and nematocidal activity. Among all the pure metabolites tested against the infective juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloydogine incognita</i>, (+)-usnic acid, orcinol, and (+)-montagnetol had significant nematocidal activity, comparable with that of the commercial nematocide Velum<sup>®</sup> Prime, and thus they showed potential application in agriculture as a biopesticide. On the contrary, methyl orsellinate and 4-chlororcinol had no nematocidal effect. These results suggest that the substituent pattern at <i>ortho</i>-para-position in respect to both hydroxyl groups of resorcine moiety, which is present in all metabolites, seems very important for nematocidal activity. The organic extracts of both lichens were also tested against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both extracts were active against Gram-positive species. The extract of <i>Ramalina implexa</i> showed, among Gram-negative species, activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, while that from <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> was effective towards all test strains, with the exception of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> The antimicrobial activity of (+)-usnic acid, methyl orsellinate, and (+)-montagnetol is already known, so tests were focused on orcinol and 4-chlororcinol. The former showed antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and Gram-negative test strains, with the exception of <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, while the latter exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive test strains and among Gram-negative strains, was effective against <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumonia</i>. These results suggest, for orcinol and 4-chlororcinol, an interesting antibiotic potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6c7a2e9483b9485288a7abf36f4a730c2023-12-03T12:40:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-07-012315847110.3390/ijms23158471Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily)Jesús García Zorrilla0Trifone D’Addabbo1Emanuela Roscetto2Chiara Varriale3Maria Rosaria Catania4Maria Chiara Zonno5Claudio Altomare6Giuseppe Surico7Pier Luigi Nimis8Antonio Evidente9Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Unit of Bari, Via G. Amendola 122/d, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry (DAGRI), Section of Agricultural Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Enthomology, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, ItalyThe antibiotic and nematocidal activities of extracts from two coastal lichen species collected on Lampedusa Island (Sicily), <i>Ramalina implexa</i> Nyl. and <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> Ach., were tested. Methyl orsellinate, orcinol, (+)-montagnetol, and for the first time 4-chlororcinol were isolated from <i>Roccella phycopsis</i>. (+)-Usnic acid was obtained from <i>Ramalina implexa</i>. The crude organic extract of both lichen species showed strong antibiotic activity against some bacterial species and nematocidal activity. Among all the pure metabolites tested against the infective juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloydogine incognita</i>, (+)-usnic acid, orcinol, and (+)-montagnetol had significant nematocidal activity, comparable with that of the commercial nematocide Velum<sup>®</sup> Prime, and thus they showed potential application in agriculture as a biopesticide. On the contrary, methyl orsellinate and 4-chlororcinol had no nematocidal effect. These results suggest that the substituent pattern at <i>ortho</i>-para-position in respect to both hydroxyl groups of resorcine moiety, which is present in all metabolites, seems very important for nematocidal activity. The organic extracts of both lichens were also tested against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both extracts were active against Gram-positive species. The extract of <i>Ramalina implexa</i> showed, among Gram-negative species, activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, while that from <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> was effective towards all test strains, with the exception of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> The antimicrobial activity of (+)-usnic acid, methyl orsellinate, and (+)-montagnetol is already known, so tests were focused on orcinol and 4-chlororcinol. The former showed antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and Gram-negative test strains, with the exception of <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, while the latter exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive test strains and among Gram-negative strains, was effective against <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumonia</i>. These results suggest, for orcinol and 4-chlororcinol, an interesting antibiotic potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8471lichen<i>Ramalina implexa</i><i>Roccella phycopsis</i>secondary metabolitesantibiotic and nematocidal activity |
| spellingShingle | Jesús García Zorrilla Trifone D’Addabbo Emanuela Roscetto Chiara Varriale Maria Rosaria Catania Maria Chiara Zonno Claudio Altomare Giuseppe Surico Pier Luigi Nimis Antonio Evidente Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) International Journal of Molecular Sciences lichen <i>Ramalina implexa</i> <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> secondary metabolites antibiotic and nematocidal activity |
| title | Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) |
| title_full | Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) |
| title_short | Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily) |
| title_sort | antibiotic and nematocidal metabolites from two lichen species collected on the island of lampedusa sicily |
| topic | lichen <i>Ramalina implexa</i> <i>Roccella phycopsis</i> secondary metabolites antibiotic and nematocidal activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8471 |
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