Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review
The intestinal environment plays a critical role in maintaining swine health. Many factors such as diet, microbiota, and host intestinal immune response influence the intestinal environment. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an important apical brush border enzyme that is influenced by these...
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Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-29-1-16.pdf |
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| author | A. D. B. Melo H. Silveira F. B. Luciano C. Andrade L. B. Costa M. H. Rostagno |
| author_facet | A. D. B. Melo H. Silveira F. B. Luciano C. Andrade L. B. Costa M. H. Rostagno |
| author_sort | A. D. B. Melo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intestinal environment plays a critical role in maintaining swine health. Many factors such as diet, microbiota, and host intestinal immune response influence the intestinal environment. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an important apical brush border enzyme that is influenced by these factors. IAP dephosphorylates bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides, and flagellin, reducing bacterial toxicity and consequently regulating toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation and inflammation. It also desphosphorylates extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, consequently reducing inflammation, modulating, and preserving the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. The apical localization of IAP on the epithelial surface reveals its role on LPS (from luminal bacteria) detoxification. As the expression of IAP is reported to be downregulated in piglets at weaning, LPS from commensal and pathogenic gram-negative bacteria could increase inflammatory processes by TLR-4 activation, increasing diarrhea events during this phase. Although some studies had reported potential IAP roles to promote gut health, investigations about exogenous IAP effects or feed additives modulating IAP expression and activity yet are necessary. However, we discussed in this paper that the critical assessment reported can suggest that exogenous IAP or feed additives that could increase its expression could show beneficial effects to reduce diarrhea events during the post weaning phase. Therefore, the main goals of this review are to discuss IAP’s role in intestinal inflammatory processes and present feed additives used as growth promoters that may modulate IAP expression and activity to promote gut health in piglets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:37:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c80657250584964848f57be5a8d60e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1011-2367 1976-5517 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:37:16Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c80657250584964848f57be5a8d60e22022-12-21T17:56:46ZengAsian-Australasian Association of Animal Production SocietiesAsian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences1011-23671976-55172016-01-01291162210.5713/ajas.15.012023275Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A ReviewA. D. B. MeloH. Silveira0F. B. LucianoC. AndradeL. B. CostaM. H. Rostagno1 Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, .Brazil Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, .USAThe intestinal environment plays a critical role in maintaining swine health. Many factors such as diet, microbiota, and host intestinal immune response influence the intestinal environment. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an important apical brush border enzyme that is influenced by these factors. IAP dephosphorylates bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides, and flagellin, reducing bacterial toxicity and consequently regulating toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation and inflammation. It also desphosphorylates extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, consequently reducing inflammation, modulating, and preserving the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. The apical localization of IAP on the epithelial surface reveals its role on LPS (from luminal bacteria) detoxification. As the expression of IAP is reported to be downregulated in piglets at weaning, LPS from commensal and pathogenic gram-negative bacteria could increase inflammatory processes by TLR-4 activation, increasing diarrhea events during this phase. Although some studies had reported potential IAP roles to promote gut health, investigations about exogenous IAP effects or feed additives modulating IAP expression and activity yet are necessary. However, we discussed in this paper that the critical assessment reported can suggest that exogenous IAP or feed additives that could increase its expression could show beneficial effects to reduce diarrhea events during the post weaning phase. Therefore, the main goals of this review are to discuss IAP’s role in intestinal inflammatory processes and present feed additives used as growth promoters that may modulate IAP expression and activity to promote gut health in piglets.http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-29-1-16.pdfFeed AdditivesIntestinal Alkaline PhosphataseIntestinal InflammationGut HealthSwine |
| spellingShingle | A. D. B. Melo H. Silveira F. B. Luciano C. Andrade L. B. Costa M. H. Rostagno Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences Feed Additives Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Intestinal Inflammation Gut Health Swine |
| title | Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review |
| title_full | Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review |
| title_fullStr | Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review |
| title_short | Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives — A Review |
| title_sort | intestinal alkaline phosphatase potential roles in promoting gut health in weanling piglets and its modulation by feed additives a review |
| topic | Feed Additives Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Intestinal Inflammation Gut Health Swine |
| url | http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-29-1-16.pdf |
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