Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers
The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Gliocladium catenulatum</i>, and <i>...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/789 |
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| author | Hamada F. A. Ahmed Sameh Elnaggar Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed Ragab S. Taha Awais Ahmad Wadei A. Al-Selwey Hoda M. H. Ahmed Naeem Khan Mahmoud F. Seleiman |
| author_facet | Hamada F. A. Ahmed Sameh Elnaggar Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed Ragab S. Taha Awais Ahmad Wadei A. Al-Selwey Hoda M. H. Ahmed Naeem Khan Mahmoud F. Seleiman |
| author_sort | Hamada F. A. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Gliocladium catenulatum</i>, and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary <i>in vitro</i> studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that <i>G. catenulatum</i> was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of <i>Fusarium solani</i>, <i>F. oxysporum</i>, and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by <i>B. subtilis</i> by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of <i>F. solani</i> by 62.3 and 55.7%; <i>M. phaseolina</i> by 60.7 and 53.1%; and <i>F. oxysporum</i> by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, <i>G. catenulatum,</i> at 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by <i>B. subtilis;</i> while <i>T. asperellum,</i> at 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of <i>G. catenulatum</i> (Gc) + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (Bs) + <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); <i>G. catenulatum</i>; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6c8febd054d64f9b88b94a8ce02c60cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c8febd054d64f9b88b94a8ce02c60cb2023-11-18T09:22:36ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-05-0112678910.3390/biology12060789Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic InducersHamada F. A. Ahmed0Sameh Elnaggar1Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed2Ragab S. Taha3Awais Ahmad4Wadei A. Al-Selwey5Hoda M. H. Ahmed6Naeem Khan7Mahmoud F. Seleiman8Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, EgyptDepartment of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, EgyptDepartment of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, EgyptDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, EgyptDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, EgyptDepartment of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Gliocladium catenulatum</i>, and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary <i>in vitro</i> studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that <i>G. catenulatum</i> was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of <i>Fusarium solani</i>, <i>F. oxysporum</i>, and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by <i>B. subtilis</i> by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of <i>F. solani</i> by 62.3 and 55.7%; <i>M. phaseolina</i> by 60.7 and 53.1%; and <i>F. oxysporum</i> by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, <i>G. catenulatum,</i> at 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by <i>B. subtilis;</i> while <i>T. asperellum,</i> at 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of <i>G. catenulatum</i> (Gc) + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (Bs) + <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); <i>G. catenulatum</i>; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/789systemic resistance<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L.biotic/abiotic inducersroot rot/wilt diseaseenzyme activitiesbiochemical changes |
| spellingShingle | Hamada F. A. Ahmed Sameh Elnaggar Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed Ragab S. Taha Awais Ahmad Wadei A. Al-Selwey Hoda M. H. Ahmed Naeem Khan Mahmoud F. Seleiman Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers Biology systemic resistance <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. biotic/abiotic inducers root rot/wilt disease enzyme activities biochemical changes |
| title | Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers |
| title_full | Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers |
| title_fullStr | Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers |
| title_short | Induction of Systemic Resistance in <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers |
| title_sort | induction of systemic resistance in i hibiscus sabdariffa i linn to control root rot and wilt diseases using biotic and abiotic inducers |
| topic | systemic resistance <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. biotic/abiotic inducers root rot/wilt disease enzyme activities biochemical changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/789 |
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