The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms
Golden Retrievers may suffer from <i>Pnpl1</i>-related inherited ichthyosis. Our study shows that in the stratum corneum (SC) of ichthyotic dogs, linoleic acid (LA) is also present in the form of 9-keto-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE) instead of the acylacid form as in normal dogs. The fat...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/12/803 |
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| author | Iuliana Popa Audrey Solgadi Didier Pin Adrian L. Watson Marek Haftek Jacques Portoukalian |
| author_facet | Iuliana Popa Audrey Solgadi Didier Pin Adrian L. Watson Marek Haftek Jacques Portoukalian |
| author_sort | Iuliana Popa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Golden Retrievers may suffer from <i>Pnpl1</i>-related inherited ichthyosis. Our study shows that in the stratum corneum (SC) of ichthyotic dogs, linoleic acid (LA) is also present in the form of 9-keto-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE) instead of the acylacid form as in normal dogs. The fatty acids purified from SC strips (LA, acylacids) were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Electrospray ionization (ESI) and MS2(MS/MS Tandem mass spectrum/spectra)/M3 (MS/MS/MS Tandem mass spectrum/spectra) fragmentation indicated the positions of the double bonds in 9-KODE. We showed that ichthyotic dogs have a threefold lower LA content in the form of acylacids. The MS2 fragmentation of acyl acids showed in some peaks the presenceof an ion at the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 279, instead of an ion at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 293 which is characteristic of LA. The detected variant was identified upon MS3 fragmentation as 9-keto-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE), and the level of this keto-derivative was increased in ichthyotic dogs. We showed by the APCI that such keto forms of LA are produced from hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids (HpODE) upon dehydration. In conclusion, the free form of 9-KODE was detected in ichthyotic SC up to fivefold as compared to unaffected dogs, and analyses by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) and ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry) indicated its production via dehydration of native 9-HpODE. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:35:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c92d0b3864b45f68a194bb010f5b7552023-11-23T09:31:06ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-11-01111280310.3390/metabo11120803The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified FormsIuliana Popa0Audrey Solgadi1Didier Pin2Adrian L. Watson3Marek Haftek4Jacques Portoukalian5Analytic and Biological Lipid Systems (Lip(Sys)2), Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, FranceTechnical Platform-Therapeutical Innovation Institute (IPSIT)-UMS 3679 CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, FranceInteractions Cells Environment, UPSP 2016.A104, VetAgro Sup Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, FranceRoyal Canin SAS, 30470 Aimargues, FranceLaboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering(LBTI), CNRS UMR 5305, University of Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, FranceFaculty of Medicine, University of Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, FranceGolden Retrievers may suffer from <i>Pnpl1</i>-related inherited ichthyosis. Our study shows that in the stratum corneum (SC) of ichthyotic dogs, linoleic acid (LA) is also present in the form of 9-keto-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE) instead of the acylacid form as in normal dogs. The fatty acids purified from SC strips (LA, acylacids) were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Electrospray ionization (ESI) and MS2(MS/MS Tandem mass spectrum/spectra)/M3 (MS/MS/MS Tandem mass spectrum/spectra) fragmentation indicated the positions of the double bonds in 9-KODE. We showed that ichthyotic dogs have a threefold lower LA content in the form of acylacids. The MS2 fragmentation of acyl acids showed in some peaks the presenceof an ion at the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 279, instead of an ion at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 293 which is characteristic of LA. The detected variant was identified upon MS3 fragmentation as 9-keto-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE), and the level of this keto-derivative was increased in ichthyotic dogs. We showed by the APCI that such keto forms of LA are produced from hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids (HpODE) upon dehydration. In conclusion, the free form of 9-KODE was detected in ichthyotic SC up to fivefold as compared to unaffected dogs, and analyses by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) and ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry) indicated its production via dehydration of native 9-HpODE.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/12/803linoleic acidstratum corneumdogsichthyosishydroperoxide |
| spellingShingle | Iuliana Popa Audrey Solgadi Didier Pin Adrian L. Watson Marek Haftek Jacques Portoukalian The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms Metabolites linoleic acid stratum corneum dogs ichthyosis hydroperoxide |
| title | The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms |
| title_full | The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms |
| title_fullStr | The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms |
| title_short | The Linoleic Acid Content of the Stratum Corneum of Ichthyotic Golden Retriever Dogs Is Reduced as Compared to Healthy Dogs and a Significant Part Is Oxidized in Both Free and Esterified Forms |
| title_sort | linoleic acid content of the stratum corneum of ichthyotic golden retriever dogs is reduced as compared to healthy dogs and a significant part is oxidized in both free and esterified forms |
| topic | linoleic acid stratum corneum dogs ichthyosis hydroperoxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/12/803 |
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