Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Cr6+-induced red blood cells (RBCs) damage. Methods: The effect of Cr6+ exposure on RBCs was evaluated by hemolytic rate and blood gas assays. After exposure to 20 μM Cr6+, the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells, intra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG
2014-11-01
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| Series: | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/366378 |
| _version_ | 1811280780686524416 |
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| author | Rong Zhang Yang Xiang Qian Ran Xiaojun Deng Yanni Xiao Lixin Xiang Zhongjun Li |
| author_facet | Rong Zhang Yang Xiang Qian Ran Xiaojun Deng Yanni Xiao Lixin Xiang Zhongjun Li |
| author_sort | Rong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Cr6+-induced red blood cells (RBCs) damage. Methods: The effect of Cr6+ exposure on RBCs was evaluated by hemolytic rate and blood gas assays. After exposure to 20 μM Cr6+, the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ATP levels were evaluated, and cell morphology was observed. RBCs were exposed to Cr6+ in different Ringer solutions to investigate the role of changes of Ca2+, ROS, and ATP levels in eryptosis and morphology. Results: The Cr6+-induced damage of RBCs was dose-dependent. After a 6 h incubation with Cr6+, RBCs exhibited significant Ca2+ influx, ROS increase, ATP depletion, and PS exposure, but displayed no obvious change in morphology at this time point. After 24 h Cr6+ exposure, the RBCs decreased in size, appeared to be spike-like, and had decreased forward scatter. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx attenuated PS-exposure caused by 6 h Cr6+ exposure, but did not prevent 24 h Cr6+ exposure-induced morphological change in RBCs. Inhibition of rapid ATP consumption using adenine significantly ameliorated Cr6+-caused PS-exposure at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and prevented 24 h Cr6+ incubation-induced morphological change in RBCs. Conclusion: Cr6+ can lead to eryptosis. Ca2+ influx, increased ROS levels, and rapid ATP consumption are closely related to Cr6+-induced RBCs damage. Ca2+ influx plays an extremely important role in Cr6+-mediated toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:20:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6c93694ed3f14209980502531699bd4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1015-8987 1421-9778 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:20:55Z |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
| publisher | Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-6c93694ed3f14209980502531699bd4a2022-12-22T03:08:45ZengCell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KGCellular Physiology and Biochemistry1015-89871421-97782014-11-013451780179110.1159/000366378366378Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood CellsRong ZhangYang XiangQian RanXiaojun DengYanni XiaoLixin XiangZhongjun LiAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Cr6+-induced red blood cells (RBCs) damage. Methods: The effect of Cr6+ exposure on RBCs was evaluated by hemolytic rate and blood gas assays. After exposure to 20 μM Cr6+, the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ATP levels were evaluated, and cell morphology was observed. RBCs were exposed to Cr6+ in different Ringer solutions to investigate the role of changes of Ca2+, ROS, and ATP levels in eryptosis and morphology. Results: The Cr6+-induced damage of RBCs was dose-dependent. After a 6 h incubation with Cr6+, RBCs exhibited significant Ca2+ influx, ROS increase, ATP depletion, and PS exposure, but displayed no obvious change in morphology at this time point. After 24 h Cr6+ exposure, the RBCs decreased in size, appeared to be spike-like, and had decreased forward scatter. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx attenuated PS-exposure caused by 6 h Cr6+ exposure, but did not prevent 24 h Cr6+ exposure-induced morphological change in RBCs. Inhibition of rapid ATP consumption using adenine significantly ameliorated Cr6+-caused PS-exposure at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and prevented 24 h Cr6+ incubation-induced morphological change in RBCs. Conclusion: Cr6+ can lead to eryptosis. Ca2+ influx, increased ROS levels, and rapid ATP consumption are closely related to Cr6+-induced RBCs damage. Ca2+ influx plays an extremely important role in Cr6+-mediated toxicity.http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/366378Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)RBCsEryptosis |
| spellingShingle | Rong Zhang Yang Xiang Qian Ran Xiaojun Deng Yanni Xiao Lixin Xiang Zhongjun Li Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) RBCs Eryptosis |
| title | Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells |
| title_full | Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells |
| title_fullStr | Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells |
| title_short | Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells |
| title_sort | involvement of calcium reactive oxygen species and atp in hexavalent chromium induced damage in red blood cells |
| topic | Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) RBCs Eryptosis |
| url | http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/366378 |
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