Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose
BackgroundIn solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the humoral response following COVID-19 vaccination is reduced, as a result of their immunosuppressed treatment. In this study, we investigated antibody concentrations after booster vaccinations until the fifth dose, the latter by monovalent or b...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270814/full |
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| author | Emma Christophorou Anna Christine Nilsson Anna Christine Nilsson Inge Petersen Susan O. Lindvig Susan O. Lindvig Jesper R. Davidsen Jesper R. Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael K. Poulsen Rune M. Pedersen Rune M. Pedersen Ulrik S. Justesen Ulrik S. Justesen Nicolai E. Johansen Claus Bistrup Claus Bistrup Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen |
| author_facet | Emma Christophorou Anna Christine Nilsson Anna Christine Nilsson Inge Petersen Susan O. Lindvig Susan O. Lindvig Jesper R. Davidsen Jesper R. Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael K. Poulsen Rune M. Pedersen Rune M. Pedersen Ulrik S. Justesen Ulrik S. Justesen Nicolai E. Johansen Claus Bistrup Claus Bistrup Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen |
| author_sort | Emma Christophorou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIn solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the humoral response following COVID-19 vaccination is reduced, as a result of their immunosuppressed treatment. In this study, we investigated antibody concentrations after booster vaccinations until the fifth dose, the latter by monovalent or bivalent BA1 or BA4/5 vaccines. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of vaccination by recording breakthrough infections, hospitalizations, and deaths.MethodThis prospective cohort study included 438 SOT recipients (>18 years) vaccinated with mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 from January 2021 until March 2023. Blood samples were drawn before and after each vaccination and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD IgG antibodies with the lowest and highest cut-off at 7.1 and 5,680 BAU/mL, respectively. Vaccine information, breakthrough infections, and hospitalizations were collected from the medical records.ResultsMost participants received BNT162b2 and 61.4% received five vaccine doses. The response proportion in SOT recipients increased from 86.7% after the fourth dose to 93.0% following the fifth dose. Antibody concentration decreased with 142.7 BAU/mL between the third and fourth dose (median 132 days, Quartile 1: 123, Quartile 3: 148) and 234.3 BAU/mL between the fourth and fifth (median 250 days, Quartile 1: 241, Quartile 3: 262) dose among those without breakthrough infection (p=0.34). When comparing the Omicron BA.1 or Omicron BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, no significant differences in antibody concentration were found, but 20.0% of SOT recipients receiving a monovalent fifth vaccine dose had a breakthrough infection compared to 4.0% and 7.9% among those who received BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, respectively (p=0.04). Since January 2021, 240 (54.8%) participants had a breakthrough infection, and 22 were hospitalized, but no deaths were observed.ConclusionsThe fifth COVID-19 vaccine dose raised antibody response to 93.0% of the study population. Additional booster doses, as well as bivalent vaccines, led to higher levels of antibody concentration in SOT recipients. We found a lower incidence of breakthrough infections among SOT recipients after receiving a bivalent vaccine as a fifth dose compared to those receiving a monovalent dose. Antibody concentrations did not wane when the time between doses was prolonged from four to eight months. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:46:28Z |
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| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6caf799c39fc41cc9c80b5ba5f8234482023-11-27T06:25:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-11-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12708141270814Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine doseEmma Christophorou0Anna Christine Nilsson1Anna Christine Nilsson2Inge Petersen3Susan O. Lindvig4Susan O. Lindvig5Jesper R. Davidsen6Jesper R. Davidsen7Rozeta Abazi8Mikael K. Poulsen9Rune M. Pedersen10Rune M. Pedersen11Ulrik S. Justesen12Ulrik S. Justesen13Nicolai E. Johansen14Claus Bistrup15Claus Bistrup16Lone W. Madsen17Lone W. Madsen18Lone W. Madsen19Isik S. Johansen20Isik S. Johansen21Isik S. Johansen22Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkSouth Danish Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases (SCILS), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark0Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark1Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkBackgroundIn solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the humoral response following COVID-19 vaccination is reduced, as a result of their immunosuppressed treatment. In this study, we investigated antibody concentrations after booster vaccinations until the fifth dose, the latter by monovalent or bivalent BA1 or BA4/5 vaccines. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of vaccination by recording breakthrough infections, hospitalizations, and deaths.MethodThis prospective cohort study included 438 SOT recipients (>18 years) vaccinated with mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 from January 2021 until March 2023. Blood samples were drawn before and after each vaccination and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD IgG antibodies with the lowest and highest cut-off at 7.1 and 5,680 BAU/mL, respectively. Vaccine information, breakthrough infections, and hospitalizations were collected from the medical records.ResultsMost participants received BNT162b2 and 61.4% received five vaccine doses. The response proportion in SOT recipients increased from 86.7% after the fourth dose to 93.0% following the fifth dose. Antibody concentration decreased with 142.7 BAU/mL between the third and fourth dose (median 132 days, Quartile 1: 123, Quartile 3: 148) and 234.3 BAU/mL between the fourth and fifth (median 250 days, Quartile 1: 241, Quartile 3: 262) dose among those without breakthrough infection (p=0.34). When comparing the Omicron BA.1 or Omicron BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, no significant differences in antibody concentration were found, but 20.0% of SOT recipients receiving a monovalent fifth vaccine dose had a breakthrough infection compared to 4.0% and 7.9% among those who received BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, respectively (p=0.04). Since January 2021, 240 (54.8%) participants had a breakthrough infection, and 22 were hospitalized, but no deaths were observed.ConclusionsThe fifth COVID-19 vaccine dose raised antibody response to 93.0% of the study population. Additional booster doses, as well as bivalent vaccines, led to higher levels of antibody concentration in SOT recipients. We found a lower incidence of breakthrough infections among SOT recipients after receiving a bivalent vaccine as a fifth dose compared to those receiving a monovalent dose. Antibody concentrations did not wane when the time between doses was prolonged from four to eight months.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270814/fullCOVID-19 vaccinationsolid organ transplanthumoral responsefifth dosebivalent vaccinesBA.1 |
| spellingShingle | Emma Christophorou Anna Christine Nilsson Anna Christine Nilsson Inge Petersen Susan O. Lindvig Susan O. Lindvig Jesper R. Davidsen Jesper R. Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael K. Poulsen Rune M. Pedersen Rune M. Pedersen Ulrik S. Justesen Ulrik S. Justesen Nicolai E. Johansen Claus Bistrup Claus Bistrup Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Lone W. Madsen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen Isik S. Johansen Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 vaccination solid organ transplant humoral response fifth dose bivalent vaccines BA.1 |
| title | Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| title_full | Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| title_fullStr | Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| title_short | Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| title_sort | humoral antibody response following mrna vaccines against sars cov 2 in solid organ transplant recipients a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccination solid organ transplant humoral response fifth dose bivalent vaccines BA.1 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270814/full |
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