Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves
Kaffir lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) is a plant member of family Rutaceae, and its leaves are commonly used in folk medicine. The present study explores antileukemic effects of the extracts and purified active compounds from the leaves. The antileukemic activity was investigated via inhib...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1300 |
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| author | Songyot Anuchapreeda Fah Chueahongthong Natsima Viriyaadhammaa Pawaret Panyajai Riki Anzawa Singkome Tima Chadarat Ampasavate Aroonchai Saiai Methee Rungrojsakul Toyonobu Usuki Siriporn Okonogi |
| author_facet | Songyot Anuchapreeda Fah Chueahongthong Natsima Viriyaadhammaa Pawaret Panyajai Riki Anzawa Singkome Tima Chadarat Ampasavate Aroonchai Saiai Methee Rungrojsakul Toyonobu Usuki Siriporn Okonogi |
| author_sort | Songyot Anuchapreeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kaffir lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) is a plant member of family Rutaceae, and its leaves are commonly used in folk medicine. The present study explores antileukemic effects of the extracts and purified active compounds from the leaves. The antileukemic activity was investigated via inhibition of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), which is a protein that involves in leukemic cell proliferation. In addition, the compounds were investigated for their effects on <i>WT1</i> gene expression using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell cycle arrest and total cell number were investigated using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion method, respectively. The results demonstrated that the hexane fractionated extract had the greatest inhibitory effect on <i>WT1</i> gene expression of many leukemic cell lines and significantly decreased WT1 protein levels of K562 cells (representative of the leukemic cells), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subfraction No. 9 (F9) after partial purification of hexane fractioned extract showed the highest suppression on WT1 protein and suppressed cell cycle at G2/M. The organic compounds were isolated from F9 and identified as phytol and lupeol. The bioassays confirmed antiproliferative activities of natural products phytol and lupeol. The results demonstrated anticancer activity of the isolated phytol and lupeol to decrease leukemic cell proliferation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:34:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6cc4a676b7c748ccb844c1ddd7e9e654 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:34:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6cc4a676b7c748ccb844c1ddd7e9e6542022-12-21T23:11:14ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-03-01256130010.3390/molecules25061300molecules25061300Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) LeavesSongyot Anuchapreeda0Fah Chueahongthong1Natsima Viriyaadhammaa2Pawaret Panyajai3Riki Anzawa4Singkome Tima5Chadarat Ampasavate6Aroonchai Saiai7Methee Rungrojsakul8Toyonobu Usuki9Siriporn Okonogi10Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, JapanDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCollege of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, JapanResearch Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandKaffir lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) is a plant member of family Rutaceae, and its leaves are commonly used in folk medicine. The present study explores antileukemic effects of the extracts and purified active compounds from the leaves. The antileukemic activity was investigated via inhibition of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), which is a protein that involves in leukemic cell proliferation. In addition, the compounds were investigated for their effects on <i>WT1</i> gene expression using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell cycle arrest and total cell number were investigated using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion method, respectively. The results demonstrated that the hexane fractionated extract had the greatest inhibitory effect on <i>WT1</i> gene expression of many leukemic cell lines and significantly decreased WT1 protein levels of K562 cells (representative of the leukemic cells), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subfraction No. 9 (F9) after partial purification of hexane fractioned extract showed the highest suppression on WT1 protein and suppressed cell cycle at G2/M. The organic compounds were isolated from F9 and identified as phytol and lupeol. The bioassays confirmed antiproliferative activities of natural products phytol and lupeol. The results demonstrated anticancer activity of the isolated phytol and lupeol to decrease leukemic cell proliferation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1300kaffir limephytollupeolwilms’ tumor 1leukemiaantiproliferation |
| spellingShingle | Songyot Anuchapreeda Fah Chueahongthong Natsima Viriyaadhammaa Pawaret Panyajai Riki Anzawa Singkome Tima Chadarat Ampasavate Aroonchai Saiai Methee Rungrojsakul Toyonobu Usuki Siriporn Okonogi Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves Molecules kaffir lime phytol lupeol wilms’ tumor 1 leukemia antiproliferation |
| title | Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves |
| title_full | Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves |
| title_short | Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) Leaves |
| title_sort | antileukemic cell proliferation of active compounds from kaffir lime i citrus hystrix i leaves |
| topic | kaffir lime phytol lupeol wilms’ tumor 1 leukemia antiproliferation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1300 |
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