Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety
The formation of biogenic amines (BAs) in artisan Galotyri PDO cheeses fermented with <i>Sterptococcus thermophilus</i> ST1 and the Greek indigenous nisin A-producing <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> spp. <i>cremoris</i> M78 (A1cheese), or with the A1 starter supplemente...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/4/1/38 |
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| author | Charikleia Tsanasidou Loulouda Bosnea Athanasia Kakouri John Samelis |
| author_facet | Charikleia Tsanasidou Loulouda Bosnea Athanasia Kakouri John Samelis |
| author_sort | Charikleia Tsanasidou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The formation of biogenic amines (BAs) in artisan Galotyri PDO cheeses fermented with <i>Sterptococcus thermophilus</i> ST1 and the Greek indigenous nisin A-producing <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> spp. <i>cremoris</i> M78 (A1cheese), or with the A1 starter supplemented with either the enterocin A-B-P-producing <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> KE82 (A2cheese) or the multi-functional <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H25 (A4cheese) adjunct strains was evaluated. Three pilot-scale cheese trials, GL1, GL2, and GL3, made from boiled ewes’ milk, were analyzed for their BA contents before and after cold ripening at 4 °C for 30 days. Total BAs of the fresh GL1 and GL3 cheeses (pH 4.3–4.5) were below 50 mg/kg, except for the A1/GL1 and A1/GL3 cheeses, which contained ca. 300 mg/kg (81.2% histamine) and 1250 mg/kg (45.6% putrescine) BAs, respectively. Whereas due to an outgrowth (>7 log cfu/g) of post-thermal Gram-negative bacteria contaminants during fermentation, most fresh GL2 cheeses (pH 4.7–5.0) accumulated more than 1500 mg/kg of total BAs, which exceeded 3800 mg/kg in all GL2 cold-ripened cheeses due to major increases in cadaverine and putrescine. Tyramine and histamine exceeded 500 mg/kg in the fresh A1/GL2cheeses. Conversely, total BAs remained or declined below 50 mg/kg in all cold-ripened GL3 cheeses. None of the starter or adjunct cultures could be correlated with a specific BA increase, despite <i>E. faecium</i> KE82, which increased at 7.6–9.2 log cfu/g in the A2 cheeses is a strong tyramine producer in culture BA broth with 1% tyrosine in vitro. The adoption of strict hygienic measures during artisan Galotyri PDO cheese production (trial GL3) enabled the best performance of all starter LAB strain combinations and reduced BA formation, whereas the high presence of Gram-negative decarboxylating bacteria contaminants compromised cheese (trial GL2) safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:35:38Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6cd6dd5b7f974e28bdeb1af7b96a68ef |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:35:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6cd6dd5b7f974e28bdeb1af7b96a68ef2024-03-27T13:19:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Microbiology2673-80072024-03-014153656210.3390/applmicrobiol4010038Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese SafetyCharikleia Tsanasidou0Loulouda Bosnea1Athanasia Kakouri2John Samelis3Dairy Research Department, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, GreeceDairy Research Department, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, GreeceDairy Research Department, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, GreeceDairy Research Department, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, GreeceThe formation of biogenic amines (BAs) in artisan Galotyri PDO cheeses fermented with <i>Sterptococcus thermophilus</i> ST1 and the Greek indigenous nisin A-producing <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> spp. <i>cremoris</i> M78 (A1cheese), or with the A1 starter supplemented with either the enterocin A-B-P-producing <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> KE82 (A2cheese) or the multi-functional <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H25 (A4cheese) adjunct strains was evaluated. Three pilot-scale cheese trials, GL1, GL2, and GL3, made from boiled ewes’ milk, were analyzed for their BA contents before and after cold ripening at 4 °C for 30 days. Total BAs of the fresh GL1 and GL3 cheeses (pH 4.3–4.5) were below 50 mg/kg, except for the A1/GL1 and A1/GL3 cheeses, which contained ca. 300 mg/kg (81.2% histamine) and 1250 mg/kg (45.6% putrescine) BAs, respectively. Whereas due to an outgrowth (>7 log cfu/g) of post-thermal Gram-negative bacteria contaminants during fermentation, most fresh GL2 cheeses (pH 4.7–5.0) accumulated more than 1500 mg/kg of total BAs, which exceeded 3800 mg/kg in all GL2 cold-ripened cheeses due to major increases in cadaverine and putrescine. Tyramine and histamine exceeded 500 mg/kg in the fresh A1/GL2cheeses. Conversely, total BAs remained or declined below 50 mg/kg in all cold-ripened GL3 cheeses. None of the starter or adjunct cultures could be correlated with a specific BA increase, despite <i>E. faecium</i> KE82, which increased at 7.6–9.2 log cfu/g in the A2 cheeses is a strong tyramine producer in culture BA broth with 1% tyrosine in vitro. The adoption of strict hygienic measures during artisan Galotyri PDO cheese production (trial GL3) enabled the best performance of all starter LAB strain combinations and reduced BA formation, whereas the high presence of Gram-negative decarboxylating bacteria contaminants compromised cheese (trial GL2) safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/4/1/38Galotyri cheesebiogenic amines<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> M78<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> KE82<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H25 |
| spellingShingle | Charikleia Tsanasidou Loulouda Bosnea Athanasia Kakouri John Samelis Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety Applied Microbiology Galotyri cheese biogenic amines <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> M78 <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> KE82 <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H25 |
| title | Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety |
| title_full | Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety |
| title_fullStr | Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety |
| title_short | Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety |
| title_sort | biogenic amine formation in artisan galotyri pdo acid curd cheeses fermented with greek indigenous starter and adjunct lactic acid bacteria strain combinations effects of cold 4 °c ripening and biotic factors compromising cheese safety |
| topic | Galotyri cheese biogenic amines <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> M78 <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> KE82 <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H25 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/4/1/38 |
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