Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014
Abstract Background Fast food and other away from home food sources are linked with poorer diet quality and adverse health outcomes. The diet quality of young adults, major consumers of fast food, is understudied in terms of long-term shifts based on food sources for key subpopulation disparities. M...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrition Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12937-019-0460-4 |
| _version_ | 1819276737835433984 |
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| author | Matthew A. Patetta Lilia S. Pedraza Barry M. Popkin |
| author_facet | Matthew A. Patetta Lilia S. Pedraza Barry M. Popkin |
| author_sort | Matthew A. Patetta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Fast food and other away from home food sources are linked with poorer diet quality and adverse health outcomes. The diet quality of young adults, major consumers of fast food, is understudied in terms of long-term shifts based on food sources for key subpopulation disparities. Methods The study included young adults ages 18–39 (n = 8012) from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1989–1991 (n = 4217) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 3795). We stratified individuals based on their combination of food sources, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Using 24-h dietary recall data, we measured diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in diet quality were determined using 95% confidence intervals. Results Overall, diet quality increased across all food sources between the 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 surveys. The restaurant category overtook the at home category as the healthiest food source, while the fast food category remained the unhealthiest on days it was consumed. Vegetable intake decreased, while added sugar intake increased across all sources. Non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks experienced similar increases in HEI-2015 scores across all food sources except restaurants, while Mexican American diet quality remained unchanged. Although all income levels experienced an increase in diet quality, the disparity between low- and high-income groups increased considerably. Conclusions US young adults consume healthier foods from all food sources, however, fast food consumers have significantly lower quality in the remainder of their diets. Additionally, Mexican Americans and low-income individuals emerge as high-risk groups for poor diet quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:44:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6cf285c4f6de42fc9dcaac61984936bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2891 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:44:59Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6cf285c4f6de42fc9dcaac61984936bb2022-12-21T17:25:32ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912019-06-0118111110.1186/s12937-019-0460-4Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014Matthew A. Patetta0Lilia S. Pedraza1Barry M. Popkin2Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, CB #8120 Carolina Square, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, CB #8120 Carolina Square, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, CB #8120 Carolina Square, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillAbstract Background Fast food and other away from home food sources are linked with poorer diet quality and adverse health outcomes. The diet quality of young adults, major consumers of fast food, is understudied in terms of long-term shifts based on food sources for key subpopulation disparities. Methods The study included young adults ages 18–39 (n = 8012) from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1989–1991 (n = 4217) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 3795). We stratified individuals based on their combination of food sources, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Using 24-h dietary recall data, we measured diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in diet quality were determined using 95% confidence intervals. Results Overall, diet quality increased across all food sources between the 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 surveys. The restaurant category overtook the at home category as the healthiest food source, while the fast food category remained the unhealthiest on days it was consumed. Vegetable intake decreased, while added sugar intake increased across all sources. Non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks experienced similar increases in HEI-2015 scores across all food sources except restaurants, while Mexican American diet quality remained unchanged. Although all income levels experienced an increase in diet quality, the disparity between low- and high-income groups increased considerably. Conclusions US young adults consume healthier foods from all food sources, however, fast food consumers have significantly lower quality in the remainder of their diets. Additionally, Mexican Americans and low-income individuals emerge as high-risk groups for poor diet quality.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12937-019-0460-4Young adultsDiet qualityNutritionSocioeconomic disparityHealthy eating index |
| spellingShingle | Matthew A. Patetta Lilia S. Pedraza Barry M. Popkin Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 Nutrition Journal Young adults Diet quality Nutrition Socioeconomic disparity Healthy eating index |
| title | Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 |
| title_full | Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 |
| title_fullStr | Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 |
| title_short | Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989–1991 and 2011–2014 |
| title_sort | improvements in the nutritional quality of us young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989 1991 and 2011 2014 |
| topic | Young adults Diet quality Nutrition Socioeconomic disparity Healthy eating index |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12937-019-0460-4 |
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