Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies
Mushroom cultivation produces a significant amount of wastewater containing high levels of both organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, mushroom farm wastewater (MFW) was treated separately by aquatic macrophytes (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and algae (<i>Chlorella...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Horticulturae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1081 |
| _version_ | 1797573701354389504 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivan Širić Mostafa A. Taher Pankaj Kumar Sami Abou Fayssal Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Boro Mioč Željko Andabaka Jogendra Singh Ebrahem M. Eid |
| author_facet | Ivan Širić Mostafa A. Taher Pankaj Kumar Sami Abou Fayssal Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Boro Mioč Željko Andabaka Jogendra Singh Ebrahem M. Eid |
| author_sort | Ivan Širić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mushroom cultivation produces a significant amount of wastewater containing high levels of both organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, mushroom farm wastewater (MFW) was treated separately by aquatic macrophytes (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>). The laboratory experiments consisted of a constructed reactor planted with selected aquatic plants and a microalgal culture and operated for 16 days. The pollutant removal efficiency was evaluated using different experimental combinations such as control 1 (<i>C. demersum</i> using borewell water), control 2 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> using borewell water), T1 (<i>C. demersum</i> using MFW), and T2 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> using MFW), respectively. The results showed that the T1 treatment had the highest significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) removal efficiency of selected pollutant parameters (total dissolved solids: 86.00%; biochemical oxygen demand: 83.10%; chemical oxygen demand: 86.60%; total nitrogen: 84.30%; total phosphorus: 75.60%). The kinetic studies using the first-order reaction model showed a good fit (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.8317) and the maximum rate constant (<i>k</i>) of pollutant reduction in T1 treatment. In addition, the growth, biochemical, and proximate parameters of both <i>C. demersum</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> were highest in the same treatment. Therefore, the proposed experiment offers a promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly treatment of MFW. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6cf3f1c00a644134ae69b4dfdaefb584 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-6cf3f1c00a644134ae69b4dfdaefb5842023-11-19T16:39:05ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-09-01910108110.3390/horticulturae9101081Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic StudiesIvan Širić0Mostafa A. Taher1Pankaj Kumar2Sami Abou Fayssal3Rakesh Kumar Bachheti4Boro Mioč5Željko Andabaka6Jogendra Singh7Ebrahem M. Eid8University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi ArabiaAgro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, EthiopiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaAgro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, IndiaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptMushroom cultivation produces a significant amount of wastewater containing high levels of both organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, mushroom farm wastewater (MFW) was treated separately by aquatic macrophytes (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>). The laboratory experiments consisted of a constructed reactor planted with selected aquatic plants and a microalgal culture and operated for 16 days. The pollutant removal efficiency was evaluated using different experimental combinations such as control 1 (<i>C. demersum</i> using borewell water), control 2 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> using borewell water), T1 (<i>C. demersum</i> using MFW), and T2 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> using MFW), respectively. The results showed that the T1 treatment had the highest significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) removal efficiency of selected pollutant parameters (total dissolved solids: 86.00%; biochemical oxygen demand: 83.10%; chemical oxygen demand: 86.60%; total nitrogen: 84.30%; total phosphorus: 75.60%). The kinetic studies using the first-order reaction model showed a good fit (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.8317) and the maximum rate constant (<i>k</i>) of pollutant reduction in T1 treatment. In addition, the growth, biochemical, and proximate parameters of both <i>C. demersum</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> were highest in the same treatment. Therefore, the proposed experiment offers a promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly treatment of MFW.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1081agro-industrial wastebioremediationgrowth performancehorticulture wastewaterpollutants |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Širić Mostafa A. Taher Pankaj Kumar Sami Abou Fayssal Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Boro Mioč Željko Andabaka Jogendra Singh Ebrahem M. Eid Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies Horticulturae agro-industrial waste bioremediation growth performance horticulture wastewater pollutants |
| title | Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies |
| title_full | Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies |
| title_short | Comparative Assessment of Treatment of Mushroom Farm Wastewater Using Plant (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L.) and Algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>): Experimental and Kinetic Studies |
| title_sort | comparative assessment of treatment of mushroom farm wastewater using plant i ceratophyllum demersum i l and algae i chlorella vulgaris i experimental and kinetic studies |
| topic | agro-industrial waste bioremediation growth performance horticulture wastewater pollutants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1081 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivansiric comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT mostafaataher comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT pankajkumar comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT samiaboufayssal comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT rakeshkumarbachheti comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT boromioc comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT zeljkoandabaka comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT jogendrasingh comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies AT ebrahemmeid comparativeassessmentoftreatmentofmushroomfarmwastewaterusingplanticeratophyllumdemersumilandalgaeichlorellavulgarisiexperimentalandkineticstudies |