Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
One of modern biology’s great surprises is that the human genome encodes only ~20,000 protein-coding genes, which represents less than 2% of the total genome sequence, and the majority of them are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs, includi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Non-Coding RNA |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/5/2/36 |
| _version_ | 1818409428797358080 |
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| author | Jun-Hua Nie Tian-Xiang Li Xiao-Qin Zhang Jia Liu |
| author_facet | Jun-Hua Nie Tian-Xiang Li Xiao-Qin Zhang Jia Liu |
| author_sort | Jun-Hua Nie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of modern biology’s great surprises is that the human genome encodes only ~20,000 protein-coding genes, which represents less than 2% of the total genome sequence, and the majority of them are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs, including miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in regulating a wide range of biological processes of the human brain. They not only regulate the pathogenesis of brain tumors, but also the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review provides an integrated overview of the roles of ncRNAs in normal human brain function, brain tumor development, and neuropsychiatric disease. We discussed the functions and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in normal brain function and glioma, respectively, including those in exosome vesicles that can act as a molecular information carrier. We also discussed the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Lastly, we summarized the currently available platforms and tools that can be used for ncRNA identification and functional exploration in human diseases. This study will provide comprehensive insights for the roles of ncRNAs in human brain function and disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6cf7235fcea541c68b24c47835031d7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-553X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Non-Coding RNA |
| spelling | doaj.art-6cf7235fcea541c68b24c47835031d7e2022-12-21T23:07:19ZengMDPI AGNon-Coding RNA2311-553X2019-04-01523610.3390/ncrna5020036ncrna5020036Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric DisordersJun-Hua Nie0Tian-Xiang Li1Xiao-Qin Zhang2Jia Liu3School of Medicine, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOne of modern biology’s great surprises is that the human genome encodes only ~20,000 protein-coding genes, which represents less than 2% of the total genome sequence, and the majority of them are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs, including miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in regulating a wide range of biological processes of the human brain. They not only regulate the pathogenesis of brain tumors, but also the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review provides an integrated overview of the roles of ncRNAs in normal human brain function, brain tumor development, and neuropsychiatric disease. We discussed the functions and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in normal brain function and glioma, respectively, including those in exosome vesicles that can act as a molecular information carrier. We also discussed the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Lastly, we summarized the currently available platforms and tools that can be used for ncRNA identification and functional exploration in human diseases. This study will provide comprehensive insights for the roles of ncRNAs in human brain function and disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/5/2/36non-coding RNAgliomabrain functionneuropsychiatric diseasemiRNAlncRNAcircRNA |
| spellingShingle | Jun-Hua Nie Tian-Xiang Li Xiao-Qin Zhang Jia Liu Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Non-Coding RNA non-coding RNA glioma brain function neuropsychiatric disease miRNA lncRNA circRNA |
| title | Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| title_full | Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| title_short | Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| title_sort | roles of non coding rnas in normal human brain development brain tumor and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| topic | non-coding RNA glioma brain function neuropsychiatric disease miRNA lncRNA circRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/5/2/36 |
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