Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel
Production of European eel offspring has become a reality, but liquid diets during larval culture hold new challenges. This study focused on increasing food amounts without compromising well-being or healthy larvae-bacteria interactions. First-feeding larvae were fed two food amounts (Low = 0.5 mL f...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/355 |
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| author | Kasun Anuruddha Bandara Sebastian Nikitas Politis Sune Riis Sørensen Elisa Benini Jonna Tomkiewicz Olav Vadstein |
| author_facet | Kasun Anuruddha Bandara Sebastian Nikitas Politis Sune Riis Sørensen Elisa Benini Jonna Tomkiewicz Olav Vadstein |
| author_sort | Kasun Anuruddha Bandara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Production of European eel offspring has become a reality, but liquid diets during larval culture hold new challenges. This study focused on increasing food amounts without compromising well-being or healthy larvae-bacteria interactions. First-feeding larvae were fed two food amounts (Low = 0.5 mL food/L water vs. High = 1.5 mL food/L water) until 30 days post-hatch (dph). Results indicated that ~75% of larvae ingested the diet in both treatments, but upregulation of a stress/repair-related gene (<i>hsp90</i>) on 25 and 30 dph indicated nutritional inadequacy. Larvae fed a High amount of food were 3.68% bigger, while larvae in the Low-food group showed 45.2% lower gut fullness and upregulated expression of the gene encoding the “hunger hormone” ghrelin (<i>ghrl</i>), indicating signs of starvation. The High-food group larvae exhibited a healthier bacteriome with a higher abundance of potentially beneficial orders (Lactobacillales and Bacillales), whereas the Low-food group showed more potentially harmful orders (Vibrionales, Rhodobacterales, and Alteromonadales). While survival was initially lower in the High-food group, both treatments had comparable survival by the end of the experiment. In conclusion, feeding European eel larvae with High food amounts seemed beneficial, supported by increased gut fullness, reduced <i>ghrl</i> expression (no starvation), enhanced growth, and the presence of a healthier bacteriome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:20:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6cfbf90e63164709a3f07c2fd63cbc6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-6cfbf90e63164709a3f07c2fd63cbc6d2024-02-23T15:28:18ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-02-0112235510.3390/microorganisms12020355Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European EelKasun Anuruddha Bandara0Sebastian Nikitas Politis1Sune Riis Sørensen2Elisa Benini3Jonna Tomkiewicz4Olav Vadstein5National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNational Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNational Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNational Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNational Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayProduction of European eel offspring has become a reality, but liquid diets during larval culture hold new challenges. This study focused on increasing food amounts without compromising well-being or healthy larvae-bacteria interactions. First-feeding larvae were fed two food amounts (Low = 0.5 mL food/L water vs. High = 1.5 mL food/L water) until 30 days post-hatch (dph). Results indicated that ~75% of larvae ingested the diet in both treatments, but upregulation of a stress/repair-related gene (<i>hsp90</i>) on 25 and 30 dph indicated nutritional inadequacy. Larvae fed a High amount of food were 3.68% bigger, while larvae in the Low-food group showed 45.2% lower gut fullness and upregulated expression of the gene encoding the “hunger hormone” ghrelin (<i>ghrl</i>), indicating signs of starvation. The High-food group larvae exhibited a healthier bacteriome with a higher abundance of potentially beneficial orders (Lactobacillales and Bacillales), whereas the Low-food group showed more potentially harmful orders (Vibrionales, Rhodobacterales, and Alteromonadales). While survival was initially lower in the High-food group, both treatments had comparable survival by the end of the experiment. In conclusion, feeding European eel larvae with High food amounts seemed beneficial, supported by increased gut fullness, reduced <i>ghrl</i> expression (no starvation), enhanced growth, and the presence of a healthier bacteriome.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/355<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>aquaculturebacterial interferencemolecular immune response |
| spellingShingle | Kasun Anuruddha Bandara Sebastian Nikitas Politis Sune Riis Sørensen Elisa Benini Jonna Tomkiewicz Olav Vadstein Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel Microorganisms <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> aquaculture bacterial interference molecular immune response |
| title | Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel |
| title_full | Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel |
| title_short | Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel |
| title_sort | effect of food amounts on larval performance bacteriome and molecular immunologic development during first feeding culture of european eel |
| topic | <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> aquaculture bacterial interference molecular immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/355 |
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