Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology
Clay materials and nanoclays have gained recent popularity in the vaccinology field, with biocompatibility, simple functionalization, low toxicity, and low-cost as their main attributes. As elements of nanovaccines, halloysite nanotubes (natural), layered double hydroxides and hectorite (synthetic)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1549 |
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| author | Dania O. Govea-Alonso Mariano J. García-Soto Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola Erika Padilla-Ortega Sergio Rosales-Mendoza Omar González-Ortega |
| author_facet | Dania O. Govea-Alonso Mariano J. García-Soto Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola Erika Padilla-Ortega Sergio Rosales-Mendoza Omar González-Ortega |
| author_sort | Dania O. Govea-Alonso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clay materials and nanoclays have gained recent popularity in the vaccinology field, with biocompatibility, simple functionalization, low toxicity, and low-cost as their main attributes. As elements of nanovaccines, halloysite nanotubes (natural), layered double hydroxides and hectorite (synthetic) are the nanoclays that have advanced into the vaccinology field. Until now, only physisorption has been used to modify the surface of nanoclays with antigens, adjuvants, and/or ligands to create nanovaccines. Protocols to covalently attach these molecules have not been developed with nanoclays, only procedures to develop adsorbents based on nanoclays that could be extended to develop nanovaccine conjugates. In this review, we describe the approaches evaluated on different nanovaccine candidates reported in articles, the immunological results obtained with them and the most advanced approaches in the preclinical field, while describing the nanomaterial itself. In addition, complex systems that use nanoclays were included and described. The safety of nanoclays as carriers is an important key fact to determine their true potential as nanovaccine candidates in humans. Here, we present the evaluations reported in this field. Finally, we point out the perspectives in the development of vaccine prototypes using nanoclays as antigen carriers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d04689b55b547128c647a0076c90c61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d04689b55b547128c647a0076c90c612023-11-23T19:23:05ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-09-01109154910.3390/vaccines10091549Nanoclays: Promising Materials for VaccinologyDania O. Govea-Alonso0Mariano J. García-Soto1Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola2Erika Padilla-Ortega3Sergio Rosales-Mendoza4Omar González-Ortega5Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoClay materials and nanoclays have gained recent popularity in the vaccinology field, with biocompatibility, simple functionalization, low toxicity, and low-cost as their main attributes. As elements of nanovaccines, halloysite nanotubes (natural), layered double hydroxides and hectorite (synthetic) are the nanoclays that have advanced into the vaccinology field. Until now, only physisorption has been used to modify the surface of nanoclays with antigens, adjuvants, and/or ligands to create nanovaccines. Protocols to covalently attach these molecules have not been developed with nanoclays, only procedures to develop adsorbents based on nanoclays that could be extended to develop nanovaccine conjugates. In this review, we describe the approaches evaluated on different nanovaccine candidates reported in articles, the immunological results obtained with them and the most advanced approaches in the preclinical field, while describing the nanomaterial itself. In addition, complex systems that use nanoclays were included and described. The safety of nanoclays as carriers is an important key fact to determine their true potential as nanovaccine candidates in humans. Here, we present the evaluations reported in this field. Finally, we point out the perspectives in the development of vaccine prototypes using nanoclays as antigen carriers.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1549adjuvanticitynanocarrierbioconjugationhectoritelayered double hydroxideshalloysite nanotubes |
| spellingShingle | Dania O. Govea-Alonso Mariano J. García-Soto Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola Erika Padilla-Ortega Sergio Rosales-Mendoza Omar González-Ortega Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology Vaccines adjuvanticity nanocarrier bioconjugation hectorite layered double hydroxides halloysite nanotubes |
| title | Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology |
| title_full | Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology |
| title_fullStr | Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology |
| title_short | Nanoclays: Promising Materials for Vaccinology |
| title_sort | nanoclays promising materials for vaccinology |
| topic | adjuvanticity nanocarrier bioconjugation hectorite layered double hydroxides halloysite nanotubes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1549 |
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