Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy
Previous research revealed that isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O of exhaled CO<sub>2</sub> have the potential link with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>; however, the <sup>17</sup>O isotope has received very little attention. We develop...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1527 |
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| author | Ligang Shao Jiaoxu Mei Jiajin Chen Tu Tan Guishi Wang Kun Liu Xiaoming Gao |
| author_facet | Ligang Shao Jiaoxu Mei Jiajin Chen Tu Tan Guishi Wang Kun Liu Xiaoming Gao |
| author_sort | Ligang Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous research revealed that isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O of exhaled CO<sub>2</sub> have the potential link with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>; however, the <sup>17</sup>O isotope has received very little attention. We developed a sensitive spectroscopic sensor for simultaneous <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O analysis of human breath CO<sub>2</sub> based on mid-infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy with an interband cascade laser (ICL) at 4.33 μm. There was a gas cell with a small volume of less than 5 mL, and the pressure in the gas cell was precisely controlled with a standard deviation of 0.0035 Torr. Moreover, real-time breath sampling and batch operation were achieved in gas inlets. The theoretical drifts for <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O measurement caused by temperature were minimized to 0.017‰, 0.024‰, and 0.021‰, respectively, thanks to the precise temperature control with a standard deviation of 0.0013 °C. After absolute temperature correction, the error between the system responded <i>δ</i>-value and the reference is less than 0.3‰. According to Allan variance analysis, the system precisions for <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O were 0.12‰, 0.18‰, and 0.47‰, respectively, at 1 s integration time, which were close to the real-time measurement errors of six repeated exhalations. |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:06:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d054f8f63ca46b68a3601f6c73fe73c2023-11-23T22:01:03ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224152710.3390/s22041527Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption SpectroscopyLigang Shao0Jiaoxu Mei1Jiajin Chen2Tu Tan3Guishi Wang4Kun Liu5Xiaoming Gao6Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaPrevious research revealed that isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O of exhaled CO<sub>2</sub> have the potential link with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>; however, the <sup>17</sup>O isotope has received very little attention. We developed a sensitive spectroscopic sensor for simultaneous <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O analysis of human breath CO<sub>2</sub> based on mid-infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy with an interband cascade laser (ICL) at 4.33 μm. There was a gas cell with a small volume of less than 5 mL, and the pressure in the gas cell was precisely controlled with a standard deviation of 0.0035 Torr. Moreover, real-time breath sampling and batch operation were achieved in gas inlets. The theoretical drifts for <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O measurement caused by temperature were minimized to 0.017‰, 0.024‰, and 0.021‰, respectively, thanks to the precise temperature control with a standard deviation of 0.0013 °C. After absolute temperature correction, the error between the system responded <i>δ</i>-value and the reference is less than 0.3‰. According to Allan variance analysis, the system precisions for <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O were 0.12‰, 0.18‰, and 0.47‰, respectively, at 1 s integration time, which were close to the real-time measurement errors of six repeated exhalations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1527laser absorption spectroscopyCO<sub>2</sub> isotopesbreath analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ligang Shao Jiaoxu Mei Jiajin Chen Tu Tan Guishi Wang Kun Liu Xiaoming Gao Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy Sensors laser absorption spectroscopy CO<sub>2</sub> isotopes breath analysis |
| title | Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Simultaneous Sensitive Determination of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, and <i>δ</i><sup>17</sup>O in Human Breath CO<sub>2</sub> Based on ICL Direct Absorption Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | simultaneous sensitive determination of i δ i sup 13 sup c i δ i sup 18 sup o and i δ i sup 17 sup o in human breath co sub 2 sub based on icl direct absorption spectroscopy |
| topic | laser absorption spectroscopy CO<sub>2</sub> isotopes breath analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1527 |
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