The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Research on female soccer players that analyzes playing status is scarce and has previously only examined load monitoring, while other markers, such as physical (i.e., strength, power, and agility), physiological (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake), and body c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/12/2156 |
| _version_ | 1827574204714713088 |
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| author | Rafael Oliveira João Paulo Brito Renato Fernandes Ryland Morgans Susana Alves Fernando J. Santos Paula Pinto Mário C. Espada |
| author_facet | Rafael Oliveira João Paulo Brito Renato Fernandes Ryland Morgans Susana Alves Fernando J. Santos Paula Pinto Mário C. Espada |
| author_sort | Rafael Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Research on female soccer players that analyzes playing status is scarce and has previously only examined load monitoring, while other markers, such as physical (i.e., strength, power, and agility), physiological (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake), and body composition (i.e., body fat mass, fat-free mass, body water, and phase angle) markers, warrant further investigation. Thus, the study aims were to (a) compare physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers between starters and non-starters; (b) compare measurements pre- and post-training intervention (five weeks); and (c) analyze any relationships between physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers in an elite female soccer team. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Fourteen first-team players participated in the study (age 23.29 ± 3.19 years, weight 59.14 ± 6.87 kg, height 1.66 ± 0.08 m). Several physical (<i>n</i> = 15), physiological (<i>n</i> = 1), body composition (<i>n</i> = 11), and load markers (<i>n</i> = 14) were collected. In addition, participants were sub-divided into starters (<i>n</i> = 7) and non-starters (<i>n</i> = 7). <i>Results</i>: No differences were revealed between starters and non-starters in any of the examined variables. Moreover, following the training intervention, a significantly lower value was found for total body water/fat-free mass ratio (p = 0.043; ES = 0.582). In addition, there were several correlations detected between load and physical/physiological markers (<i>n</i> = 28); load and body composition markers (<i>n</i> = 6); physical/physiological and body composition markers (<i>n</i> = 34); and physical and physiological markers (<i>n</i> = 42). <i>Conclusions:</i> In conclusion, only a slight tendency of higher load values for starters than non-starters was observed. In addition, no differences in physical, physiological, and body composition markers were found between starters and non-starters, possibly suggesting that five weeks were not enough to improve such variables. Finally, the present results provide novel information assessing the effects of the pre-season in elite female Portuguese soccer players and contribute to a better understanding of the associations between different types of measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d095e1bf69d4c51aae9d8c58ad92d8f |
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| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d095e1bf69d4c51aae9d8c58ad92d8f2023-12-22T14:23:59ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-12-015912215610.3390/medicina59122156The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer TeamRafael Oliveira0João Paulo Brito1Renato Fernandes2Ryland Morgans3Susana Alves4Fernando J. Santos5Paula Pinto6Mário C. Espada7Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalSports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalSports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalSchool of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UKSports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalLife Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalLife Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, PortugalLife Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Research on female soccer players that analyzes playing status is scarce and has previously only examined load monitoring, while other markers, such as physical (i.e., strength, power, and agility), physiological (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake), and body composition (i.e., body fat mass, fat-free mass, body water, and phase angle) markers, warrant further investigation. Thus, the study aims were to (a) compare physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers between starters and non-starters; (b) compare measurements pre- and post-training intervention (five weeks); and (c) analyze any relationships between physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers in an elite female soccer team. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Fourteen first-team players participated in the study (age 23.29 ± 3.19 years, weight 59.14 ± 6.87 kg, height 1.66 ± 0.08 m). Several physical (<i>n</i> = 15), physiological (<i>n</i> = 1), body composition (<i>n</i> = 11), and load markers (<i>n</i> = 14) were collected. In addition, participants were sub-divided into starters (<i>n</i> = 7) and non-starters (<i>n</i> = 7). <i>Results</i>: No differences were revealed between starters and non-starters in any of the examined variables. Moreover, following the training intervention, a significantly lower value was found for total body water/fat-free mass ratio (p = 0.043; ES = 0.582). In addition, there were several correlations detected between load and physical/physiological markers (<i>n</i> = 28); load and body composition markers (<i>n</i> = 6); physical/physiological and body composition markers (<i>n</i> = 34); and physical and physiological markers (<i>n</i> = 42). <i>Conclusions:</i> In conclusion, only a slight tendency of higher load values for starters than non-starters was observed. In addition, no differences in physical, physiological, and body composition markers were found between starters and non-starters, possibly suggesting that five weeks were not enough to improve such variables. Finally, the present results provide novel information assessing the effects of the pre-season in elite female Portuguese soccer players and contribute to a better understanding of the associations between different types of measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/12/2156athletesgeographic information systemsexercise testathletesfootballload monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Oliveira João Paulo Brito Renato Fernandes Ryland Morgans Susana Alves Fernando J. Santos Paula Pinto Mário C. Espada The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team Medicina athletes geographic information systems exercise test athletes football load monitoring |
| title | The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team |
| title_full | The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team |
| title_short | The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team |
| title_sort | effects of pre season and relationships with physical physiological body composition and load markers a case study comparing starters versus non starters from an elite female professional soccer team |
| topic | athletes geographic information systems exercise test athletes football load monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/12/2156 |
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