Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants
The plasmid-borne colistin-resistant gene mcr-1 has rapidly become a worldwide public health concern. This study aims to determine the host bacterial strains, plasmids, and genetic contexts of mcr-1 in hospital sewage. A 1-ml hospital sewage sample was cultured. Colistin-resistant bacterial colonies...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02094/full |
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| author | Feifei Zhao Feifei Zhao Yu Feng Yu Feng Xiaoju Lü Xiaoju Lü Alan McNally Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong |
| author_facet | Feifei Zhao Feifei Zhao Yu Feng Yu Feng Xiaoju Lü Xiaoju Lü Alan McNally Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong |
| author_sort | Feifei Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The plasmid-borne colistin-resistant gene mcr-1 has rapidly become a worldwide public health concern. This study aims to determine the host bacterial strains, plasmids, and genetic contexts of mcr-1 in hospital sewage. A 1-ml hospital sewage sample was cultured. Colistin-resistant bacterial colonies were selected on agar plates and were subjected to whole genome sequencing and subsequent analysis. The transfer of mcr-1 between bacterial strains was tested using conjugation. New variants of mcr-1 were cloned to test the impact of variations on the function of mcr-1. Plasmids carrying mcr-1 were retrieved from GenBank for comparison based on concatenated backbone genes. In the sewage sample, we observed that mcr-1 was located in various genetic contexts on the chromosome, or plasmids of four different replicon types (IncHI2, IncI2, IncP, and IncX4), in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kluyvera spp. and seven Escherichia coli strains of six different sequence types (ST10, ST34, ST48, ST1196, ST7086, and ST7087). We also identified two new variants of mcr-1, mcr-1.4 and mcr-1.7, both of which encode an amino acid variation from mcr-1. mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmids, which have a global distribution across the Enterobacteriaceae, are the result of global dissemination of a single common plasmid, while IncI2 mcr-1 plasmids appear to acquire mcr-1 in multiple events. In conclusion, the unprecedented remarkable diversity of species, strains, plasmids, and genetic contexts carrying mcr-1 present in a single sewage sample from a single healthcare site highlights the continued evolution and dynamic transmission of mcr-1 in healthcare-associated environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:27:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6d0d4e8349d24fb993a8b2cce6bf9045 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:27:51Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d0d4e8349d24fb993a8b2cce6bf90452022-12-21T19:02:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-10-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.02094307317Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 VariantsFeifei Zhao0Feifei Zhao1Yu Feng2Yu Feng3Xiaoju Lü4Xiaoju Lü5Alan McNally6Zhiyong Zong7Zhiyong Zong8Zhiyong Zong9Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, ChinaCenter of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, ChinaCenter of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomCenter of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaThe plasmid-borne colistin-resistant gene mcr-1 has rapidly become a worldwide public health concern. This study aims to determine the host bacterial strains, plasmids, and genetic contexts of mcr-1 in hospital sewage. A 1-ml hospital sewage sample was cultured. Colistin-resistant bacterial colonies were selected on agar plates and were subjected to whole genome sequencing and subsequent analysis. The transfer of mcr-1 between bacterial strains was tested using conjugation. New variants of mcr-1 were cloned to test the impact of variations on the function of mcr-1. Plasmids carrying mcr-1 were retrieved from GenBank for comparison based on concatenated backbone genes. In the sewage sample, we observed that mcr-1 was located in various genetic contexts on the chromosome, or plasmids of four different replicon types (IncHI2, IncI2, IncP, and IncX4), in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kluyvera spp. and seven Escherichia coli strains of six different sequence types (ST10, ST34, ST48, ST1196, ST7086, and ST7087). We also identified two new variants of mcr-1, mcr-1.4 and mcr-1.7, both of which encode an amino acid variation from mcr-1. mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmids, which have a global distribution across the Enterobacteriaceae, are the result of global dissemination of a single common plasmid, while IncI2 mcr-1 plasmids appear to acquire mcr-1 in multiple events. In conclusion, the unprecedented remarkable diversity of species, strains, plasmids, and genetic contexts carrying mcr-1 present in a single sewage sample from a single healthcare site highlights the continued evolution and dynamic transmission of mcr-1 in healthcare-associated environments.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02094/fullcolistin resistancemcr-1sewageEscherichia coliplasmid |
| spellingShingle | Feifei Zhao Feifei Zhao Yu Feng Yu Feng Xiaoju Lü Xiaoju Lü Alan McNally Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong Zhiyong Zong Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants Frontiers in Microbiology colistin resistance mcr-1 sewage Escherichia coli plasmid |
| title | Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants |
| title_full | Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants |
| title_fullStr | Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants |
| title_short | Remarkable Diversity of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 from Hospital Sewage with the Identification of Two New mcr-1 Variants |
| title_sort | remarkable diversity of escherichia coli carrying mcr 1 from hospital sewage with the identification of two new mcr 1 variants |
| topic | colistin resistance mcr-1 sewage Escherichia coli plasmid |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02094/full |
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