Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice
Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regene...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4240 |
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| author | Alejandro Martínez-Gayo Elisa Félix-Soriano Neira Sáinz Pedro González-Muniesa María J. Moreno-Aliaga |
| author_facet | Alejandro Martínez-Gayo Elisa Félix-Soriano Neira Sáinz Pedro González-Muniesa María J. Moreno-Aliaga |
| author_sort | Alejandro Martínez-Gayo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. Two-month-old C57BL/6J female mice received a control or a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA, DIO + EX (treadmill training) and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. Mice fed a control diet were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 18 months. Aging increased the mRNA expression of <i>Tnf-α</i> and decreased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (<i>Glut1</i>, <i>Glut4</i>), muscle atrophy (<i>Murf1</i>, <i>Atrogin-1</i>, <i>Cas-9</i>) and myokines (<i>Metrnl</i>, <i>Il-6</i>). In aged DIO mice, exercise restored several of these changes. It increased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (<i>Glut1</i>, <i>Glut4</i>), fatty acid oxidation (<i>Cpt1b</i>, <i>Acox</i>), myokine expression (<i>Fndc5</i>, <i>Il-6</i>) and protein turnover, decreased <i>Tnf-α</i> expression and increased p-AKT/AKT ratio. No additional effects were observed when combining exercise and DHA. These data suggest the effectiveness of long-term training to prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle dysfunction. |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:39:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d16dab54c3d4762bdfc8f927106f2d92023-11-24T01:42:57ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-10-011420424010.3390/nu14204240Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female MiceAlejandro Martínez-Gayo0Elisa Félix-Soriano1Neira Sáinz2Pedro González-Muniesa3María J. Moreno-Aliaga4Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainObesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. Two-month-old C57BL/6J female mice received a control or a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA, DIO + EX (treadmill training) and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. Mice fed a control diet were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 18 months. Aging increased the mRNA expression of <i>Tnf-α</i> and decreased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (<i>Glut1</i>, <i>Glut4</i>), muscle atrophy (<i>Murf1</i>, <i>Atrogin-1</i>, <i>Cas-9</i>) and myokines (<i>Metrnl</i>, <i>Il-6</i>). In aged DIO mice, exercise restored several of these changes. It increased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (<i>Glut1</i>, <i>Glut4</i>), fatty acid oxidation (<i>Cpt1b</i>, <i>Acox</i>), myokine expression (<i>Fndc5</i>, <i>Il-6</i>) and protein turnover, decreased <i>Tnf-α</i> expression and increased p-AKT/AKT ratio. No additional effects were observed when combining exercise and DHA. These data suggest the effectiveness of long-term training to prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle dysfunction.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4240myokinesDHAexerciseaginginflammationmuscle |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Martínez-Gayo Elisa Félix-Soriano Neira Sáinz Pedro González-Muniesa María J. Moreno-Aliaga Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice Nutrients myokines DHA exercise aging inflammation muscle |
| title | Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice |
| title_full | Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice |
| title_fullStr | Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice |
| title_short | Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice |
| title_sort | changes induced by aging and long term exercise and or dha supplementation in muscle of obese female mice |
| topic | myokines DHA exercise aging inflammation muscle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4240 |
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