Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma.
Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a one-pass transmembrane protein upregulated in cancers and associated with lower survival and therapy resistance. AXL can be cleaved by the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAM)10 and ADAM17, yielding a soluble version of the protein. Elevated soluble AXL (sAXL...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227187 |
| _version_ | 1797978016690733056 |
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| author | Karine Flem-Karlsen Marta Nyakas Inger Nina Farstad Erin McFadden Patrik Wernhoff Kari Dolven Jacobsen Vivi Ann Flørenes Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo |
| author_facet | Karine Flem-Karlsen Marta Nyakas Inger Nina Farstad Erin McFadden Patrik Wernhoff Kari Dolven Jacobsen Vivi Ann Flørenes Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo |
| author_sort | Karine Flem-Karlsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a one-pass transmembrane protein upregulated in cancers and associated with lower survival and therapy resistance. AXL can be cleaved by the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAM)10 and ADAM17, yielding a soluble version of the protein. Elevated soluble AXL (sAXL) has been reported to be associated with disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cancer, neurofibromatosis type 1 and inflammatory diseases. In the present work, we analyzed sAXL levels in blood from melanoma patients and showed that sAXL increases with disease progression. Additionally, increased sAXL levels were found correlated with shorter two-year survival in stage IV patients treated with ipilimumab. Furthermore, we showed that sAXL levels were related to the percentage of cells expressing AXL in resected melanoma lymph node metastases. This finding was verified in vitro, where sAXL levels in the cell media corresponded to AXL expression in the cells. AXL inhibition using the small-molecular inhibitor BGB324 reduced sAXL levels, while the cellular expression was elevated through increased protein stability. Our findings signify that quantification of sAXL blood levels is a simple and easily assessable method to determine cellular AXL levels and should be further evaluated for its use as a biomarker of disease progression and treatment response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:17:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d25b75e3c324aac915021869a7e4931 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:17:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d25b75e3c324aac915021869a7e49312022-12-24T05:33:32ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01151e022718710.1371/journal.pone.0227187Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma.Karine Flem-KarlsenMarta NyakasInger Nina FarstadErin McFaddenPatrik WernhoffKari Dolven JacobsenVivi Ann FlørenesGunhild Mari MælandsmoReceptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a one-pass transmembrane protein upregulated in cancers and associated with lower survival and therapy resistance. AXL can be cleaved by the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAM)10 and ADAM17, yielding a soluble version of the protein. Elevated soluble AXL (sAXL) has been reported to be associated with disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cancer, neurofibromatosis type 1 and inflammatory diseases. In the present work, we analyzed sAXL levels in blood from melanoma patients and showed that sAXL increases with disease progression. Additionally, increased sAXL levels were found correlated with shorter two-year survival in stage IV patients treated with ipilimumab. Furthermore, we showed that sAXL levels were related to the percentage of cells expressing AXL in resected melanoma lymph node metastases. This finding was verified in vitro, where sAXL levels in the cell media corresponded to AXL expression in the cells. AXL inhibition using the small-molecular inhibitor BGB324 reduced sAXL levels, while the cellular expression was elevated through increased protein stability. Our findings signify that quantification of sAXL blood levels is a simple and easily assessable method to determine cellular AXL levels and should be further evaluated for its use as a biomarker of disease progression and treatment response.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227187 |
| spellingShingle | Karine Flem-Karlsen Marta Nyakas Inger Nina Farstad Erin McFadden Patrik Wernhoff Kari Dolven Jacobsen Vivi Ann Flørenes Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. PLoS ONE |
| title | Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. |
| title_full | Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. |
| title_fullStr | Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. |
| title_short | Soluble AXL as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma. |
| title_sort | soluble axl as a marker of disease progression and survival in melanoma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227187 |
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