Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study
Equine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1156 |
| _version_ | 1797563080435040256 |
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| author | Aitor Arrazola Katrina Merkies |
| author_facet | Aitor Arrazola Katrina Merkies |
| author_sort | Aitor Arrazola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction in EAA. This study addresses the effect of the attachment style (AS) of at-risk adolescents on horse physiology and behaviour during an equine-facilitated learning (EFL) program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in a 10-week EFL program with nine therapy horses (the same therapy horse per adolescent throughout the program). Adolescent AS was categorized into secure (n = 7), preoccupied (n = 11), dismissing (n = 1), or fearful (n = 12) using an Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structure questionnaire. Horse heart rate (HR) and behaviour (affiliative and avoidance behaviours) in response to adolescents were recorded during grooming and riding. Over time, horses with fearful AS adolescents showed consistently more affiliative behaviours compared to those with preoccupied AS adolescents during grooming, and more constant HR and avoidance behaviours compared to those with secure AS adolescents during riding. These results suggest that a more predictable and less stressful physiological and behavioural response of therapy horses toward participants in EAA with emotional and behavioural difficulties can be mediated by a human insecure attachment style. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d3ba40631164161832fa3912dfd248c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d3ba40631164161832fa3912dfd248c2023-11-20T06:08:04ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-07-01107115610.3390/ani10071156Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot StudyAitor Arrazola0Katrina Merkies1Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaEquine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction in EAA. This study addresses the effect of the attachment style (AS) of at-risk adolescents on horse physiology and behaviour during an equine-facilitated learning (EFL) program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in a 10-week EFL program with nine therapy horses (the same therapy horse per adolescent throughout the program). Adolescent AS was categorized into secure (n = 7), preoccupied (n = 11), dismissing (n = 1), or fearful (n = 12) using an Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structure questionnaire. Horse heart rate (HR) and behaviour (affiliative and avoidance behaviours) in response to adolescents were recorded during grooming and riding. Over time, horses with fearful AS adolescents showed consistently more affiliative behaviours compared to those with preoccupied AS adolescents during grooming, and more constant HR and avoidance behaviours compared to those with secure AS adolescents during riding. These results suggest that a more predictable and less stressful physiological and behavioural response of therapy horses toward participants in EAA with emotional and behavioural difficulties can be mediated by a human insecure attachment style.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1156equine welfaretherapy horsesphysiological stressbehavioural stressattachment styleheart rate |
| spellingShingle | Aitor Arrazola Katrina Merkies Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study Animals equine welfare therapy horses physiological stress behavioural stress attachment style heart rate |
| title | Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | effect of human attachment style on horse behaviour and physiology during equine assisted activities a pilot study |
| topic | equine welfare therapy horses physiological stress behavioural stress attachment style heart rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1156 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aitorarrazola effectofhumanattachmentstyleonhorsebehaviourandphysiologyduringequineassistedactivitiesapilotstudy AT katrinamerkies effectofhumanattachmentstyleonhorsebehaviourandphysiologyduringequineassistedactivitiesapilotstudy |