Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons
Neurons are highly polarized cells exhibiting axonal and somatodendritic domains with distinct complements of cytoplasmic organelles. Although some organelles are widely distributed throughout the neuronal cytoplasm, others are segregated to either the axonal or somatodendritic domains. Recent findi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2016.00088/full |
| _version_ | 1818542254251311104 |
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| author | Dylan J. Britt Ginny G. Farías Carlos M. Guardia Juan S. Bonifacino |
| author_facet | Dylan J. Britt Ginny G. Farías Carlos M. Guardia Juan S. Bonifacino |
| author_sort | Dylan J. Britt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neurons are highly polarized cells exhibiting axonal and somatodendritic domains with distinct complements of cytoplasmic organelles. Although some organelles are widely distributed throughout the neuronal cytoplasm, others are segregated to either the axonal or somatodendritic domains. Recent findings show that organelle segregation is largely established at a pre-axonal-exclusion zone (PAEZ) within the axon hillock. Polarized sorting of cytoplasmic organelles at the PAEZ is proposed to depend mainly on their selective association with different microtubule motors and, in turn, with distinct microtubule arrays. Somatodendritic organelles that escape sorting at the PAEZ can be subsequently retrieved at the axon initial segment (AIS) by a microtubule- and/or actin-based mechanism. Dynamic sorting along the PAEZ-AIS continuum can thus explain the polarized distribution of cytoplasmic organelles between the axonal and somatodendritic domains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:19:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d438d0621134bffa8810bd55011dc60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:19:40Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d438d0621134bffa8810bd55011dc602022-12-22T00:48:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022016-03-011010.3389/fncel.2016.00088191900Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in NeuronsDylan J. Britt0Ginny G. Farías1Carlos M. Guardia2Juan S. Bonifacino3Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthNeurons are highly polarized cells exhibiting axonal and somatodendritic domains with distinct complements of cytoplasmic organelles. Although some organelles are widely distributed throughout the neuronal cytoplasm, others are segregated to either the axonal or somatodendritic domains. Recent findings show that organelle segregation is largely established at a pre-axonal-exclusion zone (PAEZ) within the axon hillock. Polarized sorting of cytoplasmic organelles at the PAEZ is proposed to depend mainly on their selective association with different microtubule motors and, in turn, with distinct microtubule arrays. Somatodendritic organelles that escape sorting at the PAEZ can be subsequently retrieved at the axon initial segment (AIS) by a microtubule- and/or actin-based mechanism. Dynamic sorting along the PAEZ-AIS continuum can thus explain the polarized distribution of cytoplasmic organelles between the axonal and somatodendritic domains.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2016.00088/fullAxonal TransportMicrotubulesNeuronsTransport Vesiclesaxon initial segmentkinesins |
| spellingShingle | Dylan J. Britt Ginny G. Farías Carlos M. Guardia Juan S. Bonifacino Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Axonal Transport Microtubules Neurons Transport Vesicles axon initial segment kinesins |
| title | Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Polarized Organelle Distribution in Neurons |
| title_sort | mechanisms of polarized organelle distribution in neurons |
| topic | Axonal Transport Microtubules Neurons Transport Vesicles axon initial segment kinesins |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2016.00088/full |
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