Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination
Abstract Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42433-w |
| _version_ | 1827781148934144000 |
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| author | Elena Mitsi Mariana O. Diniz Jesús Reiné Andrea M. Collins Ryan E. Robinson Angela Hyder-Wright Madlen Farrar Konstantinos Liatsikos Josh Hamilton Onyia Onyema Britta C. Urban Carla Solórzano Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer Emma Sheehan Teresa Lambe Simon J. Draper Daniela Weiskopf Alessandro Sette Mala K. Maini Daniela M. Ferreira |
| author_facet | Elena Mitsi Mariana O. Diniz Jesús Reiné Andrea M. Collins Ryan E. Robinson Angela Hyder-Wright Madlen Farrar Konstantinos Liatsikos Josh Hamilton Onyia Onyema Britta C. Urban Carla Solórzano Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer Emma Sheehan Teresa Lambe Simon J. Draper Daniela Weiskopf Alessandro Sette Mala K. Maini Daniela M. Ferreira |
| author_sort | Elena Mitsi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history of both infection and vaccination have more airway mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations of airway spike-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are not expanded by vaccination alone. Airway mucosal T cells induced by infection have a distinct hierarchy of antigen specificity compared to the periphery. Spike-specific T cells persist in the lung mucosa for 7 months after the last immunising event. Thus, peripheral vaccination alone does not appear to induce durable lung mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument for the need for vaccines targeting the airways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:13:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d44bf59f3084d30b1170569d157d5ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:13:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d44bf59f3084d30b1170569d157d5ea2023-10-29T12:29:14ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232023-10-0114111410.1038/s41467-023-42433-wRespiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccinationElena Mitsi0Mariana O. Diniz1Jesús Reiné2Andrea M. Collins3Ryan E. Robinson4Angela Hyder-Wright5Madlen Farrar6Konstantinos Liatsikos7Josh Hamilton8Onyia Onyema9Britta C. Urban10Carla Solórzano11Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer12Emma Sheehan13Teresa Lambe14Simon J. Draper15Daniela Weiskopf16Alessandro Sette17Mala K. Maini18Daniela M. Ferreira19Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordDivision of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCLOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordDepartment of Biochemistry, University of OxfordCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI)Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI)Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCLOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordAbstract Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history of both infection and vaccination have more airway mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations of airway spike-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are not expanded by vaccination alone. Airway mucosal T cells induced by infection have a distinct hierarchy of antigen specificity compared to the periphery. Spike-specific T cells persist in the lung mucosa for 7 months after the last immunising event. Thus, peripheral vaccination alone does not appear to induce durable lung mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument for the need for vaccines targeting the airways.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42433-w |
| spellingShingle | Elena Mitsi Mariana O. Diniz Jesús Reiné Andrea M. Collins Ryan E. Robinson Angela Hyder-Wright Madlen Farrar Konstantinos Liatsikos Josh Hamilton Onyia Onyema Britta C. Urban Carla Solórzano Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer Emma Sheehan Teresa Lambe Simon J. Draper Daniela Weiskopf Alessandro Sette Mala K. Maini Daniela M. Ferreira Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination Nature Communications |
| title | Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination |
| title_full | Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination |
| title_short | Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination |
| title_sort | respiratory mucosal immune memory to sars cov 2 after infection and vaccination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42433-w |
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