The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes
As a filamentous and spoilage fungus, <i>Alternaria</i> spp. can not only infect processing tomatoes, but also produce a variety of mycotoxins which harm the health of human beings. To explore the production of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in processing tomatoes during growth and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/827 |
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| author | Qiaomei Qin Yingying Fan Qinlan Jia Shuaishuai Duan Fengjuan Liu Binxin Jia Guangquan Wang Wanhui Guo Cheng Wang |
| author_facet | Qiaomei Qin Yingying Fan Qinlan Jia Shuaishuai Duan Fengjuan Liu Binxin Jia Guangquan Wang Wanhui Guo Cheng Wang |
| author_sort | Qiaomei Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a filamentous and spoilage fungus, <i>Alternaria</i> spp. can not only infect processing tomatoes, but also produce a variety of mycotoxins which harm the health of human beings. To explore the production of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in processing tomatoes during growth and storage, four main <i>Alternaria</i> toxins and four conjugated toxins were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS QToF MS) in processing tomatoes on different days after being inoculated with <i>A. alternata</i>. The results show that the content of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in an in vivo assay is higher than that under field conditions. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is the predominant toxin detected in the field (205.86~41,389.19 μg/kg) and in vivo (7.64~526,986.37 μg/kg) experiments, and the second-most abundant toxin is alternariol (AOH). In addition, a small quantity of conjugated toxins, AOH-9-glucoside (AOH-9-Glc) and alternariol monomethyl ether-3-glucoside (AME-3-Glc), were screened in the in vivo experiment. This is the first time the potential of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins produced in tomatoes during the harvest period has been studied in order to provide data for the prevention and control of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d51375ecab7492ca9f4162c50d93475 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d51375ecab7492ca9f4162c50d934752023-11-24T18:26:27ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-11-01141282710.3390/toxins14120827The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing TomatoesQiaomei Qin0Yingying Fan1Qinlan Jia2Shuaishuai Duan3Fengjuan Liu4Binxin Jia5Guangquan Wang6Wanhui Guo7Cheng Wang8College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Urumqi), Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agri-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Urumqi), Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agri-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Urumqi), Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agri-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaCollege of Biology and Geography Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Urumqi), Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agri-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, ChinaAs a filamentous and spoilage fungus, <i>Alternaria</i> spp. can not only infect processing tomatoes, but also produce a variety of mycotoxins which harm the health of human beings. To explore the production of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in processing tomatoes during growth and storage, four main <i>Alternaria</i> toxins and four conjugated toxins were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS QToF MS) in processing tomatoes on different days after being inoculated with <i>A. alternata</i>. The results show that the content of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in an in vivo assay is higher than that under field conditions. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is the predominant toxin detected in the field (205.86~41,389.19 μg/kg) and in vivo (7.64~526,986.37 μg/kg) experiments, and the second-most abundant toxin is alternariol (AOH). In addition, a small quantity of conjugated toxins, AOH-9-glucoside (AOH-9-Glc) and alternariol monomethyl ether-3-glucoside (AME-3-Glc), were screened in the in vivo experiment. This is the first time the potential of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins produced in tomatoes during the harvest period has been studied in order to provide data for the prevention and control of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/827<i>Alternaria</i> toxinsconjugated mycotoxinsfield experimentin vivo experimentprocessing tomatoes |
| spellingShingle | Qiaomei Qin Yingying Fan Qinlan Jia Shuaishuai Duan Fengjuan Liu Binxin Jia Guangquan Wang Wanhui Guo Cheng Wang The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes Toxins <i>Alternaria</i> toxins conjugated mycotoxins field experiment in vivo experiment processing tomatoes |
| title | The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes |
| title_full | The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes |
| title_fullStr | The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes |
| title_short | The Potential of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins Production by <i>A</i>. <i>alternata</i> in Processing Tomatoes |
| title_sort | potential of i alternaria i toxins production by i a i i alternata i in processing tomatoes |
| topic | <i>Alternaria</i> toxins conjugated mycotoxins field experiment in vivo experiment processing tomatoes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/827 |
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