Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces
The Canadian boreal forest biome has been subjected to a long history of management for wood production. Here, we examined the cumulative impacts of logging on older forests in terms of area, distribution and patch configuration in the managed forest zones of the Eastern Canadian provinces of Ontari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/1/6 |
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| author | Brendan Mackey Carly Campbell Patrick Norman Sonia Hugh Dominick A. DellaSala Jay R. Malcolm Mélanie Desrochers Pierre Drapeau |
| author_facet | Brendan Mackey Carly Campbell Patrick Norman Sonia Hugh Dominick A. DellaSala Jay R. Malcolm Mélanie Desrochers Pierre Drapeau |
| author_sort | Brendan Mackey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Canadian boreal forest biome has been subjected to a long history of management for wood production. Here, we examined the cumulative impacts of logging on older forests in terms of area, distribution and patch configuration in the managed forest zones of the Eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. We also examined the consequences of these cumulative impacts on a once widely distributed and now threatened species, the woodland caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>). The cumulative area of recently logged forest (since ~1976) was 14,024,619 ha, with 8,210,617 ha in Quebec and 5,814,002 ha in Ontario. The total area of older forests was 21,249,341 ha, with 11,840,474 ha in Quebec and 9,408,867 ha in Ontario. Patch statistics revealed that there were 1,085,822 older forests with core patches < 0.25 ha and an additional 603,052 < 1.0 ha. There were 52 > 10,00–50,000 ha and 8 < 50,000 ha. Older forest patches (critical caribou habitat) in the 21 local population ranges totalled 6,103,534 ha, distributed among ~387,102 patches with 362,933 < 10 ha and 14 > 50,000 ha. The median percentage of local population ranges that was disturbed was 53.5%, with Charlevoix having the maximum (90.3%) and Basse Côte-Nord the least (34.9%). Woodland caribou local population ranges with disturbed suitable habitats >35% are considered unable to support self-sustaining populations. We found that for the 21 caribou local population ranges examined, 3 were at very high risk (>75% area disturbed), 16 at high risk (>45 ≤ 75% area disturbed), and 2 at low risk (≤35% area disturbed). Major changes are needed in boreal forest management in Ontario and Quebec for it to be ecologically sustainable, including a greater emphasis on protection and restoration for older forests, and to lower the risks for caribou populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:44:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d5929f62b1a418b957b553c45d4524a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:44:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d5929f62b1a418b957b553c45d4524a2024-01-26T17:19:43ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2023-12-01131610.3390/land13010006Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian ProvincesBrendan Mackey0Carly Campbell1Patrick Norman2Sonia Hugh3Dominick A. DellaSala4Jay R. Malcolm5Mélanie Desrochers6Pierre Drapeau7Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, AustraliaClimate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, AustraliaClimate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, AustraliaClimate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, AustraliaWild Heritage, A Project of Earth Island Institute, 2150 Allston Way Ste 460, Berkeley, CA 94704, USAInstitute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, CanadaCentre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, CanadaCentre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, CanadaThe Canadian boreal forest biome has been subjected to a long history of management for wood production. Here, we examined the cumulative impacts of logging on older forests in terms of area, distribution and patch configuration in the managed forest zones of the Eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. We also examined the consequences of these cumulative impacts on a once widely distributed and now threatened species, the woodland caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>). The cumulative area of recently logged forest (since ~1976) was 14,024,619 ha, with 8,210,617 ha in Quebec and 5,814,002 ha in Ontario. The total area of older forests was 21,249,341 ha, with 11,840,474 ha in Quebec and 9,408,867 ha in Ontario. Patch statistics revealed that there were 1,085,822 older forests with core patches < 0.25 ha and an additional 603,052 < 1.0 ha. There were 52 > 10,00–50,000 ha and 8 < 50,000 ha. Older forest patches (critical caribou habitat) in the 21 local population ranges totalled 6,103,534 ha, distributed among ~387,102 patches with 362,933 < 10 ha and 14 > 50,000 ha. The median percentage of local population ranges that was disturbed was 53.5%, with Charlevoix having the maximum (90.3%) and Basse Côte-Nord the least (34.9%). Woodland caribou local population ranges with disturbed suitable habitats >35% are considered unable to support self-sustaining populations. We found that for the 21 caribou local population ranges examined, 3 were at very high risk (>75% area disturbed), 16 at high risk (>45 ≤ 75% area disturbed), and 2 at low risk (≤35% area disturbed). Major changes are needed in boreal forest management in Ontario and Quebec for it to be ecologically sustainable, including a greater emphasis on protection and restoration for older forests, and to lower the risks for caribou populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/1/6boreal forestcumulative impactsforest age structureolder forestprimary forestwoodland caribou |
| spellingShingle | Brendan Mackey Carly Campbell Patrick Norman Sonia Hugh Dominick A. DellaSala Jay R. Malcolm Mélanie Desrochers Pierre Drapeau Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces Land boreal forest cumulative impacts forest age structure older forest primary forest woodland caribou |
| title | Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces |
| title_full | Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces |
| title_short | Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces |
| title_sort | assessing the cumulative impacts of forest management on forest age structure development and woodland caribou habitat in boreal landscapes a case study from two canadian provinces |
| topic | boreal forest cumulative impacts forest age structure older forest primary forest woodland caribou |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/1/6 |
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