A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task
The Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants’ attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/588 |
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| author | Lydia M. Hopper Matthias Allritz Crystal L. Egelkamp Sarah M. Huskisson Sarah L. Jacobson Jesse G. Leinwand Stephen R. Ross |
| author_facet | Lydia M. Hopper Matthias Allritz Crystal L. Egelkamp Sarah M. Huskisson Sarah L. Jacobson Jesse G. Leinwand Stephen R. Ross |
| author_sort | Lydia M. Hopper |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants’ attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop study for use with chimpanzees (N = 6), gorillas (N = 7), and Japanese macaques (N = 6). We tested all subjects via touchscreens following the same protocol. Ten of the 19 subjects passed pre-test training. Subjects who reached criterion were then tested on a standard color-interference Stroop test, which revealed differential accuracy in the primates’ responses across conditions. Next, to test for an emotional Stroop effect, we presented subjects with photographs that were either positively valenced (a preferred food) or negatively valenced (snakes). In the emotional Stroop task, as predicted, the primates were less accurate in trials which presented emotionally laden stimuli as compared to control trials, but there were differences in the apes’ and monkeys’ response patterns. Furthermore, for both Stroop tests, while we found that subjects’ accuracy rates were reduced by test stimuli, in contrast to previous research, we found no difference across trial types in the subjects’ response latencies across conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:35:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d6727d02efd4de6b684547490463d56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:35:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d6727d02efd4de6b684547490463d562023-12-11T18:11:33ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-02-0111358810.3390/ani11030588A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop TaskLydia M. Hopper0Matthias Allritz1Crystal L. Egelkamp2Sarah M. Huskisson3Sarah L. Jacobson4Jesse G. Leinwand5Stephen R. Ross6Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USASchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UKLester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USALester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USALester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USALester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USALester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USAThe Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants’ attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop study for use with chimpanzees (N = 6), gorillas (N = 7), and Japanese macaques (N = 6). We tested all subjects via touchscreens following the same protocol. Ten of the 19 subjects passed pre-test training. Subjects who reached criterion were then tested on a standard color-interference Stroop test, which revealed differential accuracy in the primates’ responses across conditions. Next, to test for an emotional Stroop effect, we presented subjects with photographs that were either positively valenced (a preferred food) or negatively valenced (snakes). In the emotional Stroop task, as predicted, the primates were less accurate in trials which presented emotionally laden stimuli as compared to control trials, but there were differences in the apes’ and monkeys’ response patterns. Furthermore, for both Stroop tests, while we found that subjects’ accuracy rates were reduced by test stimuli, in contrast to previous research, we found no difference across trial types in the subjects’ response latencies across conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/588affectattentional biascognitive biasemotionssnake detection theorystroop effect |
| spellingShingle | Lydia M. Hopper Matthias Allritz Crystal L. Egelkamp Sarah M. Huskisson Sarah L. Jacobson Jesse G. Leinwand Stephen R. Ross A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task Animals affect attentional bias cognitive bias emotions snake detection theory stroop effect |
| title | A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task |
| title_full | A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task |
| title_short | A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task |
| title_sort | comparative perspective on three primate species responses to a pictorial emotional stroop task |
| topic | affect attentional bias cognitive bias emotions snake detection theory stroop effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/588 |
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