Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality
The aquaculture industry is a fast-growing sector in Egypt; however, the progress of this industry is impeded by many challenges such as poor water quality and associated bacterial infections. Among others, Motile <i>Aeromonas</i> Septicemia (MAS), caused by aeromonads, is among the most...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/8/1432 |
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| author | Fatma A. El-Gohary Eman Zahran Eman A. Abd El-Gawad Adel H. El-Gohary Fatma M. Abdelhamid Amany El-Mleeh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Mona Mohieldin Elsayed |
| author_facet | Fatma A. El-Gohary Eman Zahran Eman A. Abd El-Gawad Adel H. El-Gohary Fatma M. Abdelhamid Amany El-Mleeh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Mona Mohieldin Elsayed |
| author_sort | Fatma A. El-Gohary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aquaculture industry is a fast-growing sector in Egypt; however, the progress of this industry is impeded by many challenges such as poor water quality and associated bacterial infections. Among others, Motile <i>Aeromonas</i> Septicemia (MAS), caused by aeromonads, is among the most important bacterial diseases affecting aquaculture due to its zoonotic potential. In the present work, motile aeromonads were isolated from water samples (<i>n</i>= 8) and Nile tilapia (<i>n</i>= 240) in four fish farms (farms I, II, III, and IV) in Kafr El-Sheikh province during the period March to August 2017. This step was followed by investigation of the prevalence and phenotypic, molecular, and histopathological characterization of aeromonads. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene detection were analyzed. Interestingly, physicochemical water analysis revealed different ranges in relation to the fish farms and seasons. More importantly, <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates were phenotypically identified in 33.3% and 12.5% from fish and water samples, respectively. The highest prevalence of motile aeromonads (46.7%) was recorded from farm IV, and only 12.5% of water samples were positive for them. Out of 80 isolates, 65 (81.25%) were molecularly identified at the genus level using gyrase B (<i>gyr</i>B). The prevalence of the virulence genes detected in the isolated motile aeromonads was aerolysin (<i>aer</i>), 52.2%; elastase (<i>ahp</i>), 26.25%; hemolysin (<i>hyl</i>), 35%; and lipase (<i>lip</i>), 3.75%. The antibiogram profile revealed that the highest resistance of aeromonads isolates (80%) was recorded to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and azithromycin. Meanwhile, lower resistance levels of 40%, 30%, and 20% were found for streptomycin, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged between 0.27 and 0.82 of motile aeromonads isolates. Furthermore, the histopathological examinations of naturally diseased tilapia revealed widespread hepatocellular necrosis with diffuse, numerous rod-shaped bacteria in liver with melanomacrophages and lymphocytic depletion with edema and hemosiderosis in the spleen. Our findings provide an updated epidemiological baseline for future reference and highlight the likely role of the adverse impact of water quality in the outbreaks of motile aeromonads with special reference to virulence genes and antibiotic resistant traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:21:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6d6a9dafb8c54efda01c19c3867384652023-11-20T10:20:37ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-08-01108143210.3390/ani10081432Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water QualityFatma A. El-Gohary0Eman Zahran1Eman A. Abd El-Gawad2Adel H. El-Gohary3Fatma M. Abdelhamid4Amany El-Mleeh5Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy6Mona Mohieldin Elsayed7Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Internal medicine, Infectious and Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptAquatic animals diseases and management department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, EgyptDepartment of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheibin Elkom 32511, EgyptDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, SpainDepartment of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptThe aquaculture industry is a fast-growing sector in Egypt; however, the progress of this industry is impeded by many challenges such as poor water quality and associated bacterial infections. Among others, Motile <i>Aeromonas</i> Septicemia (MAS), caused by aeromonads, is among the most important bacterial diseases affecting aquaculture due to its zoonotic potential. In the present work, motile aeromonads were isolated from water samples (<i>n</i>= 8) and Nile tilapia (<i>n</i>= 240) in four fish farms (farms I, II, III, and IV) in Kafr El-Sheikh province during the period March to August 2017. This step was followed by investigation of the prevalence and phenotypic, molecular, and histopathological characterization of aeromonads. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene detection were analyzed. Interestingly, physicochemical water analysis revealed different ranges in relation to the fish farms and seasons. More importantly, <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates were phenotypically identified in 33.3% and 12.5% from fish and water samples, respectively. The highest prevalence of motile aeromonads (46.7%) was recorded from farm IV, and only 12.5% of water samples were positive for them. Out of 80 isolates, 65 (81.25%) were molecularly identified at the genus level using gyrase B (<i>gyr</i>B). The prevalence of the virulence genes detected in the isolated motile aeromonads was aerolysin (<i>aer</i>), 52.2%; elastase (<i>ahp</i>), 26.25%; hemolysin (<i>hyl</i>), 35%; and lipase (<i>lip</i>), 3.75%. The antibiogram profile revealed that the highest resistance of aeromonads isolates (80%) was recorded to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and azithromycin. Meanwhile, lower resistance levels of 40%, 30%, and 20% were found for streptomycin, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged between 0.27 and 0.82 of motile aeromonads isolates. Furthermore, the histopathological examinations of naturally diseased tilapia revealed widespread hepatocellular necrosis with diffuse, numerous rod-shaped bacteria in liver with melanomacrophages and lymphocytic depletion with edema and hemosiderosis in the spleen. Our findings provide an updated epidemiological baseline for future reference and highlight the likely role of the adverse impact of water quality in the outbreaks of motile aeromonads with special reference to virulence genes and antibiotic resistant traits.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/8/1432<i>Aeromonas</i>Egyptfish farmsphysicochemical water parametersvirulence genes |
| spellingShingle | Fatma A. El-Gohary Eman Zahran Eman A. Abd El-Gawad Adel H. El-Gohary Fatma M. Abdelhamid Amany El-Mleeh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Mona Mohieldin Elsayed Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality Animals <i>Aeromonas</i> Egypt fish farms physicochemical water parameters virulence genes |
| title | Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality |
| title_full | Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality |
| title_short | Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality |
| title_sort | investigation of the prevalence virulence genes and antibiogram of motile aeromonads isolated from nile tilapia fish farms in egypt and assessment of their water quality |
| topic | <i>Aeromonas</i> Egypt fish farms physicochemical water parameters virulence genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/8/1432 |
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