MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens
IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), are a main cause of nosocomial infection in the world. The majority of nosocomial S. aureus-infection are traced back to a source of contaminated surfaces including...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.676638/full |
| _version_ | 1819242414687125504 |
|---|---|
| author | Tyler V. Gregory Tyler V. Gregory Karen Ellis Renzo Valeriani Faidad Khan Xueqing Wu Landon Murin Babek Alibayov Ana G. Jop Vidal Tong Zhao Jorge E. Vidal |
| author_facet | Tyler V. Gregory Tyler V. Gregory Karen Ellis Renzo Valeriani Faidad Khan Xueqing Wu Landon Murin Babek Alibayov Ana G. Jop Vidal Tong Zhao Jorge E. Vidal |
| author_sort | Tyler V. Gregory |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), are a main cause of nosocomial infection in the world. The majority of nosocomial S. aureus-infection are traced back to a source of contaminated surfaces including surgery tables. We assessed the efficacy of a mixture of levulinic acid (LA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hereafter called MoWa, to eradicate nosocomial pathogens from contaminated surfaces.Methods and ResultsA dose response study demonstrated that MoWa killed 24 h planktonic cultures of S. aureus strains starting at a concentration of (LA) 8.2/(SDS) 0.3 mM while 24 h preformed biofilms were eradicated with 32/1.3 mM. A time course study further showed that attached MRSA bacteria were eradicated within 4 h of incubation with 65/2 mM MoWa. Staphylococci were killed as confirmed by bacterial counts, and fluorescence micrographs that were stained with the live/dead bacterial assay. We then simulated contamination of hospital surfaces by inoculating bacteria on a surface prone to contamination. Once dried, contaminated surfaces were sprayed with MoWa or mock-treated, and treated contaminated surfaces were swabbed and bacteria counted. While bacteria in the mock-treated samples grew at a density of ~104 cfu/cm2, those treated for ~1 min with MoWa (1.0/0.04 M) had been eradicated below limit of detection. A similar eradication efficacy was obtained when surfaces were contaminated with other nosocomial pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Staphylococcus epidermidis.ConclusionsMoWa kills planktonic and biofilms made by MRSA and MSSA strains and showed great efficacy to disinfect MRSA-, and MSSA-contaminated, surfaces and surfaces contaminated with other important nosocomial pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T14:39:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d6c797c735a49e4801d50707f40e93e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T14:39:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d6c797c735a49e4801d50707f40e93e2022-12-21T17:43:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882021-07-011110.3389/fcimb.2021.676638676638MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial PathogensTyler V. Gregory0Tyler V. Gregory1Karen Ellis2Renzo Valeriani3Faidad Khan4Xueqing Wu5Landon Murin6Babek Alibayov7Ana G. Jop Vidal8Tong Zhao9Jorge E. Vidal10Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesBiomedical Sciences Master of Science Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesDepartment of Infectious Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaBase Pair Program Murrah- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesCenter for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United StatesIntroductionStaphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), are a main cause of nosocomial infection in the world. The majority of nosocomial S. aureus-infection are traced back to a source of contaminated surfaces including surgery tables. We assessed the efficacy of a mixture of levulinic acid (LA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hereafter called MoWa, to eradicate nosocomial pathogens from contaminated surfaces.Methods and ResultsA dose response study demonstrated that MoWa killed 24 h planktonic cultures of S. aureus strains starting at a concentration of (LA) 8.2/(SDS) 0.3 mM while 24 h preformed biofilms were eradicated with 32/1.3 mM. A time course study further showed that attached MRSA bacteria were eradicated within 4 h of incubation with 65/2 mM MoWa. Staphylococci were killed as confirmed by bacterial counts, and fluorescence micrographs that were stained with the live/dead bacterial assay. We then simulated contamination of hospital surfaces by inoculating bacteria on a surface prone to contamination. Once dried, contaminated surfaces were sprayed with MoWa or mock-treated, and treated contaminated surfaces were swabbed and bacteria counted. While bacteria in the mock-treated samples grew at a density of ~104 cfu/cm2, those treated for ~1 min with MoWa (1.0/0.04 M) had been eradicated below limit of detection. A similar eradication efficacy was obtained when surfaces were contaminated with other nosocomial pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Staphylococcus epidermidis.ConclusionsMoWa kills planktonic and biofilms made by MRSA and MSSA strains and showed great efficacy to disinfect MRSA-, and MSSA-contaminated, surfaces and surfaces contaminated with other important nosocomial pathogens.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.676638/fullmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusdisinfectantStaphylococcus aureusnosocomial pathogenscontaminated surface |
| spellingShingle | Tyler V. Gregory Tyler V. Gregory Karen Ellis Renzo Valeriani Faidad Khan Xueqing Wu Landon Murin Babek Alibayov Ana G. Jop Vidal Tong Zhao Jorge E. Vidal MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disinfectant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pathogens contaminated surface |
| title | MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens |
| title_full | MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens |
| title_short | MoWa: A Disinfectant for Hospital Surfaces Contaminated With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Nosocomial Pathogens |
| title_sort | mowa a disinfectant for hospital surfaces contaminated with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa and other nosocomial pathogens |
| topic | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disinfectant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pathogens contaminated surface |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.676638/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tylervgregory mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT tylervgregory mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT karenellis mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT renzovaleriani mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT faidadkhan mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT xueqingwu mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT landonmurin mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT babekalibayov mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT anagjopvidal mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT tongzhao mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens AT jorgeevidal mowaadisinfectantforhospitalsurfacescontaminatedwithmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaandothernosocomialpathogens |