Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation
Tal Amitay-Rosen,1 Ishai Dror,2 Yaniv Shilo,3 Brian Berkowitz2 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel; 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; 3Department of Urology, Kaplan Medic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Research and Reports in Urology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/imaging-and-chemical-analysis-of-external-and-internal-ureteral-stent--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU |
| _version_ | 1818276233532669952 |
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| author | Amitay-Rosen T Dror I Shilo Y Berkowitz B |
| author_facet | Amitay-Rosen T Dror I Shilo Y Berkowitz B |
| author_sort | Amitay-Rosen T |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tal Amitay-Rosen,1 Ishai Dror,2 Yaniv Shilo,3 Brian Berkowitz2 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel; 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; 3Department of Urology, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7661041, IsraelCorrespondence: Brian Berkowitz, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel, Tel +972-8-9342098, Fax +972-8-9344124, Email brian.berkowitz@weizmann.ac.ilIntroduction: Ureteral stents are effective in alleviating flow disruptions in the urinary tract, whether due to ureteral stones, strictures or extrinsic ureteral obstruction. However, significant stent encrustation on the external and/or internal stent lumen walls can occur, which may interfere with stent functioning and/or removal. Currently, there is only limited, generally qualitative, information on the distribution, mineral structure, and chemical content of these deposits, particularly in terms of stent lumen encrustation.Objective: To quantify, in an initial investigation, external and internal encrustation in representative, intact ureteral stents. The study investigates possible correlations between patterns of external and internal encrustation, determines mineral structure and chemical composition, and examines the potential for stent lumen obstruction even in the absence of external stent wall encrustation.Study Design: High-resolution, laboratory micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to non-destructively image external and internal stent encrustation in four representative stents. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) enabled parallel analysis of mineral structure and chemical content of samples collected from external and internal encrusted material along the distal, proximal and mid-ureteral stent regions.Results: Extensive stent lumen encrustation can occur within any region of a stent, with only incidental or minor external encrustation, along the entire length of the stent. External and internal encrusted materials in a given stent are generally similar, consisting of a combination of amorphous (mostly organic) and crystalline mineral deposits.Conclusion: Micro-CT demonstrates that significant stent lumen encrustation can occur, which can lead to partial or full stent lumen occlusion, even when the exterior stent wall is essentially free of encrusted material.Keywords: micro-computed tomography, stent deposition, mineral composition, obstruction, stent lumen |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d79d866d45146dc88b82c37801cfd4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2253-2447 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Research and Reports in Urology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d79d866d45146dc88b82c37801cfd4a2022-12-22T00:09:18ZengDove Medical PressResearch and Reports in Urology2253-24472022-04-01Volume 1415916674757Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent EncrustationAmitay-Rosen TDror IShilo YBerkowitz BTal Amitay-Rosen,1 Ishai Dror,2 Yaniv Shilo,3 Brian Berkowitz2 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel; 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; 3Department of Urology, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7661041, IsraelCorrespondence: Brian Berkowitz, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel, Tel +972-8-9342098, Fax +972-8-9344124, Email brian.berkowitz@weizmann.ac.ilIntroduction: Ureteral stents are effective in alleviating flow disruptions in the urinary tract, whether due to ureteral stones, strictures or extrinsic ureteral obstruction. However, significant stent encrustation on the external and/or internal stent lumen walls can occur, which may interfere with stent functioning and/or removal. Currently, there is only limited, generally qualitative, information on the distribution, mineral structure, and chemical content of these deposits, particularly in terms of stent lumen encrustation.Objective: To quantify, in an initial investigation, external and internal encrustation in representative, intact ureteral stents. The study investigates possible correlations between patterns of external and internal encrustation, determines mineral structure and chemical composition, and examines the potential for stent lumen obstruction even in the absence of external stent wall encrustation.Study Design: High-resolution, laboratory micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to non-destructively image external and internal stent encrustation in four representative stents. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) enabled parallel analysis of mineral structure and chemical content of samples collected from external and internal encrusted material along the distal, proximal and mid-ureteral stent regions.Results: Extensive stent lumen encrustation can occur within any region of a stent, with only incidental or minor external encrustation, along the entire length of the stent. External and internal encrusted materials in a given stent are generally similar, consisting of a combination of amorphous (mostly organic) and crystalline mineral deposits.Conclusion: Micro-CT demonstrates that significant stent lumen encrustation can occur, which can lead to partial or full stent lumen occlusion, even when the exterior stent wall is essentially free of encrusted material.Keywords: micro-computed tomography, stent deposition, mineral composition, obstruction, stent lumenhttps://www.dovepress.com/imaging-and-chemical-analysis-of-external-and-internal-ureteral-stent--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRUmicro-computed tomographystent depositionmineral compositionobstructionstent lumen |
| spellingShingle | Amitay-Rosen T Dror I Shilo Y Berkowitz B Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation Research and Reports in Urology micro-computed tomography stent deposition mineral composition obstruction stent lumen |
| title | Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation |
| title_full | Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation |
| title_fullStr | Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation |
| title_short | Imaging and Chemical Analysis of External and Internal Ureteral Stent Encrustation |
| title_sort | imaging and chemical analysis of external and internal ureteral stent encrustation |
| topic | micro-computed tomography stent deposition mineral composition obstruction stent lumen |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/imaging-and-chemical-analysis-of-external-and-internal-ureteral-stent--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU |
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