A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland)
Small bodies of water in densely populated areas have not yet been thoroughly studied in terms of their ice cover. Filling the existing research gap related to ice cover occurrence is therefore important for identifying natural processes (e.g., response to climate warming and water oxygenation in wi...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3886 |
| _version_ | 1797462050305212416 |
|---|---|
| author | Maksymilian Solarski Mariusz Rzetala |
| author_facet | Maksymilian Solarski Mariusz Rzetala |
| author_sort | Maksymilian Solarski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small bodies of water in densely populated areas have not yet been thoroughly studied in terms of their ice cover. Filling the existing research gap related to ice cover occurrence is therefore important for identifying natural processes (e.g., response to climate warming and water oxygenation in winter), and also has socio-economic significance (e.g., reducing the risk of loss of health and life for potential ice cover users). This paper addresses the issue of determining the utility of two simple empirical models based on the accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDD) formula for predicting maximum ice thickness in water bodies. The study covered 11 small anthropogenic water bodies located in the Katowice Upland and consisted of comparing the values obtained from modelling with actual ice thicknesses observed during three winter seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, and 2011/2012). The best fit was obtained between the values observed and those calculated using Stefan’s formula with an empirical coefficient of 0.014. A poorer fit was obtained for Zubov’s formula (with the exception of the 2011/2012 season), which is primarily due to the fact that this model does not account for the thickness of the snow accumulated on the ice cover. Bengst’cise forecasting of the state of the ice cover and the provision of the relevant information to interested users will increase the safety of using such water bodies in climate warming conditions, reducing the number of accidents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d7c17ec6b5042dca9c7c179ab6db4a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d7c17ec6b5042dca9c7c179ab6db4a92023-11-24T12:32:52ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011423388610.3390/w14233886A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland)Maksymilian Solarski0Mariusz Rzetala1Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandInstitute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandSmall bodies of water in densely populated areas have not yet been thoroughly studied in terms of their ice cover. Filling the existing research gap related to ice cover occurrence is therefore important for identifying natural processes (e.g., response to climate warming and water oxygenation in winter), and also has socio-economic significance (e.g., reducing the risk of loss of health and life for potential ice cover users). This paper addresses the issue of determining the utility of two simple empirical models based on the accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDD) formula for predicting maximum ice thickness in water bodies. The study covered 11 small anthropogenic water bodies located in the Katowice Upland and consisted of comparing the values obtained from modelling with actual ice thicknesses observed during three winter seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, and 2011/2012). The best fit was obtained between the values observed and those calculated using Stefan’s formula with an empirical coefficient of 0.014. A poorer fit was obtained for Zubov’s formula (with the exception of the 2011/2012 season), which is primarily due to the fact that this model does not account for the thickness of the snow accumulated on the ice cover. Bengst’cise forecasting of the state of the ice cover and the provision of the relevant information to interested users will increase the safety of using such water bodies in climate warming conditions, reducing the number of accidents.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3886lake iceice coverfreezing degree-dayswater bodiesKatowice Upland |
| spellingShingle | Maksymilian Solarski Mariusz Rzetala A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) Water lake ice ice cover freezing degree-days water bodies Katowice Upland |
| title | A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_full | A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_fullStr | A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_short | A Comparison of Model Calculations of Ice Thickness with the Observations on Small Water Bodies in Katowice Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_sort | comparison of model calculations of ice thickness with the observations on small water bodies in katowice upland southern poland |
| topic | lake ice ice cover freezing degree-days water bodies Katowice Upland |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3886 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maksymiliansolarski acomparisonofmodelcalculationsoficethicknesswiththeobservationsonsmallwaterbodiesinkatowiceuplandsouthernpoland AT mariuszrzetala acomparisonofmodelcalculationsoficethicknesswiththeobservationsonsmallwaterbodiesinkatowiceuplandsouthernpoland AT maksymiliansolarski comparisonofmodelcalculationsoficethicknesswiththeobservationsonsmallwaterbodiesinkatowiceuplandsouthernpoland AT mariuszrzetala comparisonofmodelcalculationsoficethicknesswiththeobservationsonsmallwaterbodiesinkatowiceuplandsouthernpoland |