Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms
House flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/4/636 |
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| author | Fabrizio Bertelloni Giulia Cagnoli Flavio Bresciani Bruno Scotti Luca Lazzerini Marco Marcucci Giuseppe Colombani Valentina Virginia Ebani |
| author_facet | Fabrizio Bertelloni Giulia Cagnoli Flavio Bresciani Bruno Scotti Luca Lazzerini Marco Marcucci Giuseppe Colombani Valentina Virginia Ebani |
| author_sort | Fabrizio Bertelloni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | House flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms. Thirty-five traps were placed in twenty-two farms; from each trap, 3 different kinds of samples were tested: attractant material present in the traps, the body surface of house flies and the body content of house flies. Staphylococci were detected in 72.72% of farms, 65.71% of traps and 43.81% of samples. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated, and 49 isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Most of the isolates were resistant to amikacin (65.31%), ampicillin (46.94%), rifampicin (44.90%), tetracycline (40.82%) and cefoxitin (40.82%). Minimum Inhibitory concentration assay allowed to confirm 11/49 (22.45%) staphylococci as methicillin-resistant; 4 of them (36.36%) carried the <i>mecA</i> gene. Furthermore, 53.06% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher levels of resistance and multidrug resistance were detected in CoNS isolated from flies collected in poultry farms than in swine farms. Therefore, house flies could carry MDR and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, representing a possible source of infection for animals and humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:18:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d8907b0828c4e148e5d1590e4466015 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:18:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d8907b0828c4e148e5d1590e44660152023-11-17T18:01:49ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-03-0112463610.3390/antibiotics12040636Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry FarmsFabrizio Bertelloni0Giulia Cagnoli1Flavio Bresciani2Bruno Scotti3Luca Lazzerini4Marco Marcucci5Giuseppe Colombani6Valentina Virginia Ebani7Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalySede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via Martiri di S. Anna 12, 55045 Pietrasanta, ItalySede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via Martiri di S. Anna 12, 55045 Pietrasanta, ItalySede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via IV Novembre 10, 55027 Gallicano, ItalySede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via IV Novembre 10, 55027 Gallicano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyHouse flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms. Thirty-five traps were placed in twenty-two farms; from each trap, 3 different kinds of samples were tested: attractant material present in the traps, the body surface of house flies and the body content of house flies. Staphylococci were detected in 72.72% of farms, 65.71% of traps and 43.81% of samples. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated, and 49 isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Most of the isolates were resistant to amikacin (65.31%), ampicillin (46.94%), rifampicin (44.90%), tetracycline (40.82%) and cefoxitin (40.82%). Minimum Inhibitory concentration assay allowed to confirm 11/49 (22.45%) staphylococci as methicillin-resistant; 4 of them (36.36%) carried the <i>mecA</i> gene. Furthermore, 53.06% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher levels of resistance and multidrug resistance were detected in CoNS isolated from flies collected in poultry farms than in swine farms. Therefore, house flies could carry MDR and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, representing a possible source of infection for animals and humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/4/636house fly (<i>Musca domestica</i>)<i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.coagulase-negative staphylococciantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Fabrizio Bertelloni Giulia Cagnoli Flavio Bresciani Bruno Scotti Luca Lazzerini Marco Marcucci Giuseppe Colombani Valentina Virginia Ebani Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms Antibiotics house fly (<i>Musca domestica</i>) <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. coagulase-negative staphylococci antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (<i>Musca domestica</i>) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistant coagulase negative staphylococci carried by house flies i musca domestica i captured in swine and poultry farms |
| topic | house fly (<i>Musca domestica</i>) <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. coagulase-negative staphylococci antimicrobial resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/4/636 |
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