Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study
Background: Under-5 mortality rate is an important indicator in Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. To date, no nationally representative studies have examined the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on under-5 mortality. Objective: To investigate the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021006474 |
| _version_ | 1818974746507739136 |
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| author | Chunhua He Cong Liu Renjie Chen Xia Meng Weidong Wang John Ji Leni Kang Juan Liang Xiaohong Li Yuxi Liu Xue Yu Jun Zhu Yanping Wang Haidong Kan |
| author_facet | Chunhua He Cong Liu Renjie Chen Xia Meng Weidong Wang John Ji Leni Kang Juan Liang Xiaohong Li Yuxi Liu Xue Yu Jun Zhu Yanping Wang Haidong Kan |
| author_sort | Chunhua He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Under-5 mortality rate is an important indicator in Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. To date, no nationally representative studies have examined the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on under-5 mortality. Objective: To investigate the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 with under-5 mortality from total and specific causes in China. Methods: We used the national Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System to identify under-5 mortality cases during the study period of 2009 to 2019. We adopted a time-stratified case-crossover study design at the individual level to capture the effect of short-term exposure to daily PM2.5 on under-5 mortality, using conditional logistic regression models. Results: A total of 61,464 under-5 mortality cases were included. A 10 μg/m3 increase in concentrations of PM2.5 on lag 0–1 d was significantly associated with a 1.15% (95%confidence interval: 0.65%, 1.65%) increase in under-5 mortality. Mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, digestive diseases, and preterm birth were significantly associated with exposure to PM2.5. The effect estimates were larger for neonatal mortality (<28 days), female children, and in warm seasons. We observed steeper slopes in lower ranges (<50 μg/m3) of the concentration-response curve between PM2.5 and under-5 mortality, and positive associations remained below the 24-h PM2.5 concentration limit recommended by WHO Air Quality Guidelines and China Air Quality Standards. Conclusions: This nationwide case-crossover study in China demonstrated that acute exposure to PM2.5 may significantly increase the risk of under-5 mortality, with larger effects for neonates, female children, and during warm seasons. Relevant control strategies are needed to remove this roadblock to achieving under-5 mortality targets in developing countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:44:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d8977771b5f47db9b3880520581bc36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:44:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d8977771b5f47db9b3880520581bc362022-12-21T19:35:00ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202022-01-01159107022Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover studyChunhua He0Cong Liu1Renjie Chen2Xia Meng3Weidong Wang4John Ji5Leni Kang6Juan Liang7Xiaohong Li8Yuxi Liu9Xue Yu10Jun Zhu11Yanping Wang12Haidong Kan13National Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; Corresponding authors at: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. (H. Kan). National Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (Y. Wang and J. Zhu).National Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; Corresponding authors at: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. (H. Kan). National Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (Y. Wang and J. Zhu).School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children’s Health, Shanghai, China; Corresponding authors at: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. (H. Kan). National Office of Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (Y. Wang and J. Zhu).Background: Under-5 mortality rate is an important indicator in Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. To date, no nationally representative studies have examined the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on under-5 mortality. Objective: To investigate the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 with under-5 mortality from total and specific causes in China. Methods: We used the national Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System to identify under-5 mortality cases during the study period of 2009 to 2019. We adopted a time-stratified case-crossover study design at the individual level to capture the effect of short-term exposure to daily PM2.5 on under-5 mortality, using conditional logistic regression models. Results: A total of 61,464 under-5 mortality cases were included. A 10 μg/m3 increase in concentrations of PM2.5 on lag 0–1 d was significantly associated with a 1.15% (95%confidence interval: 0.65%, 1.65%) increase in under-5 mortality. Mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, digestive diseases, and preterm birth were significantly associated with exposure to PM2.5. The effect estimates were larger for neonatal mortality (<28 days), female children, and in warm seasons. We observed steeper slopes in lower ranges (<50 μg/m3) of the concentration-response curve between PM2.5 and under-5 mortality, and positive associations remained below the 24-h PM2.5 concentration limit recommended by WHO Air Quality Guidelines and China Air Quality Standards. Conclusions: This nationwide case-crossover study in China demonstrated that acute exposure to PM2.5 may significantly increase the risk of under-5 mortality, with larger effects for neonates, female children, and during warm seasons. Relevant control strategies are needed to remove this roadblock to achieving under-5 mortality targets in developing countries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021006474Fine particulate matterUnder-5 mortalityCause-specific mortalityCase-crossover study |
| spellingShingle | Chunhua He Cong Liu Renjie Chen Xia Meng Weidong Wang John Ji Leni Kang Juan Liang Xiaohong Li Yuxi Liu Xue Yu Jun Zhu Yanping Wang Haidong Kan Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study Environment International Fine particulate matter Under-5 mortality Cause-specific mortality Case-crossover study |
| title | Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study |
| title_full | Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study |
| title_fullStr | Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study |
| title_short | Fine particulate matter air pollution and under-5 children mortality in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study |
| title_sort | fine particulate matter air pollution and under 5 children mortality in china a national time stratified case crossover study |
| topic | Fine particulate matter Under-5 mortality Cause-specific mortality Case-crossover study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021006474 |
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