Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant?
Conventional processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used in drinking water treatment plants and are considered a good treatment strategy to eliminate cyanobacterial cells and cell-bound cyanotoxins. The diversity of cyanobacteria was investigated using taxono...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/25 |
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| author | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost |
| author_facet | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost |
| author_sort | Farhad Jalili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventional processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used in drinking water treatment plants and are considered a good treatment strategy to eliminate cyanobacterial cells and cell-bound cyanotoxins. The diversity of cyanobacteria was investigated using taxonomic cell counts and shotgun metagenomics over two seasons in a drinking water treatment plant before, during, and after the bloom. Changes in the community structure over time at the phylum, genus, and species levels were monitored in samples retrieved from raw water (RW), sludge in the holding tank (ST), and sludge supernatant (SST). <i>Aphanothece clathrata brevis, Microcystis aeruginosa, Dolichospermum spiroides,</i> and <i>Chroococcus minimus</i> were predominant species detected in RW by taxonomic cell counts. Shotgun metagenomics revealed that Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in RW before and after the cyanobacterial bloom. Taxonomic cell counts and shotgun metagenomic showed that the <i>Dolichospermum</i> bloom occurred inside the plant. Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial phyla during the bloom. Shotgun metagenomics also showed that <i>Synechococcus</i>, <i>Microcystis,</i> and <i>Dolichospermum</i> were the predominant detected cyanobacterial genera in the samples. Conventional treatment removed more than 92% of cyanobacterial cells but led to cell accumulation in the sludge up to 31 times more than in the RW influx. Coagulation/sedimentation selectively removed more than 96% of <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Dolichospermum</i>. Cyanobacterial community in the sludge varied from raw water to sludge during sludge storage (1–13 days). This variation was due to the selective removal of coagulation/sedimentation as well as the accumulation of captured cells over the period of storage time. However, the prediction of the cyanobacterial community composition in the SST remained a challenge. Among nutrient parameters, orthophosphate availability was related to community profile in RW samples, whereas communities in ST were influenced by total nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen (N- Kjeldahl), total and particulate phosphorous, and total organic carbon (TOC). No trend was observed on the impact of nutrients on SST communities. This study profiled new health-related, environmental, and technical challenges for the production of drinking water due to the complex fate of cyanobacteria in cyanobacteria-laden sludge and supernatant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:33:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6d8e7be207ce4bf6967f0e5628197f24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:33:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-6d8e7be207ce4bf6967f0e5628197f242023-11-21T07:42:09ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-01-011312510.3390/toxins13010025Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant?Farhad Jalili0Hana Trigui1Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado2Sarah Dorner3Arash Zamyadi4B. Jesse Shapiro5Yves Terrat6Nathalie Fortin7Sébastien Sauvé8Michèle Prévost9Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaWater Research Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaConventional processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used in drinking water treatment plants and are considered a good treatment strategy to eliminate cyanobacterial cells and cell-bound cyanotoxins. The diversity of cyanobacteria was investigated using taxonomic cell counts and shotgun metagenomics over two seasons in a drinking water treatment plant before, during, and after the bloom. Changes in the community structure over time at the phylum, genus, and species levels were monitored in samples retrieved from raw water (RW), sludge in the holding tank (ST), and sludge supernatant (SST). <i>Aphanothece clathrata brevis, Microcystis aeruginosa, Dolichospermum spiroides,</i> and <i>Chroococcus minimus</i> were predominant species detected in RW by taxonomic cell counts. Shotgun metagenomics revealed that Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in RW before and after the cyanobacterial bloom. Taxonomic cell counts and shotgun metagenomic showed that the <i>Dolichospermum</i> bloom occurred inside the plant. Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial phyla during the bloom. Shotgun metagenomics also showed that <i>Synechococcus</i>, <i>Microcystis,</i> and <i>Dolichospermum</i> were the predominant detected cyanobacterial genera in the samples. Conventional treatment removed more than 92% of cyanobacterial cells but led to cell accumulation in the sludge up to 31 times more than in the RW influx. Coagulation/sedimentation selectively removed more than 96% of <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Dolichospermum</i>. Cyanobacterial community in the sludge varied from raw water to sludge during sludge storage (1–13 days). This variation was due to the selective removal of coagulation/sedimentation as well as the accumulation of captured cells over the period of storage time. However, the prediction of the cyanobacterial community composition in the SST remained a challenge. Among nutrient parameters, orthophosphate availability was related to community profile in RW samples, whereas communities in ST were influenced by total nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen (N- Kjeldahl), total and particulate phosphorous, and total organic carbon (TOC). No trend was observed on the impact of nutrients on SST communities. This study profiled new health-related, environmental, and technical challenges for the production of drinking water due to the complex fate of cyanobacteria in cyanobacteria-laden sludge and supernatant.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/25cyanobacteriamicrocystins (MCs)water treatmentsludgeshotgun metagenomicscyanobacterial community |
| spellingShingle | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? Toxins cyanobacteria microcystins (MCs) water treatment sludge shotgun metagenomics cyanobacterial community |
| title | Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? |
| title_full | Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? |
| title_fullStr | Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? |
| title_short | Can Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Source Predict the Diversity in Sludge and the Risk of Toxin Release in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant? |
| title_sort | can cyanobacterial diversity in the source predict the diversity in sludge and the risk of toxin release in a drinking water treatment plant |
| topic | cyanobacteria microcystins (MCs) water treatment sludge shotgun metagenomics cyanobacterial community |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/25 |
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