Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children
PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of myopia and factors associated with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length to corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) ratio among Japanese preschool children.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evalu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.901480/full |
| _version_ | 1811242836851425280 |
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| author | Saiko Matsumura Kazuhiko Dannoue Momoko Kawakami Keiko Uemura Asuka Kameyama Anna Takei Yuichi Hori |
| author_facet | Saiko Matsumura Kazuhiko Dannoue Momoko Kawakami Keiko Uemura Asuka Kameyama Anna Takei Yuichi Hori |
| author_sort | Saiko Matsumura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of myopia and factors associated with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length to corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) ratio among Japanese preschool children.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated subjects aged 4–6 years from a preschool. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was measured using the Spot Vision Screener, while AL and corneal radius (CR) were measured using the Myopia Master. Parental myopia and environmental factors were investigated using the myopia-related factor questionnaire. The worse eye with higher myopic SE was chosen for analysis, and multiple linear regression models was performed using AL, SE, and AL/CR ratio as dependent variables.ResultsA total of 457 out of 514 participants (239 males, 52.3%) aged 4–6 years (mean 4.77 ± 0.65 years) were included. The mean SE was 0.13 ± 0.63 D, AL was 22.35 ± 0.67 mm, CR was 7.76 ± 0.25 mm, and AL/CR ratio was 2.88 ± 0.72. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that myopic SE was significantly associated with male sex (β = −0.14, p = 0.02) and parental myopia (β = −0.15, p = 0.04). Meanwhile, longer AL was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.13, p = 0.02), male sex (β = 0.44, p < 0.001), parental myopia (β = 0.24, p = 0.01), and screen time (including smartphones, tablets, and computers) (>1 h, β = 0.14, p = 0.04). A higher AL/CR was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.02, p < 0.001), male sex (β = 0.03, p < 0.001), ratio and parental myopia (β = 0.03, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively, among Japanese preschool children in 2021. Longer AL was associated with older age, male sex, parental myopia, and screen time in children aged 4–6 years. Children with a high risk of myopia can be identified early based on parental myopia information for early prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6dace284946a48a88a8d9773810c78bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6dace284946a48a88a8d9773810c78bb2022-12-22T03:30:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-06-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.901480901480Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool ChildrenSaiko Matsumura0Kazuhiko Dannoue1Momoko Kawakami2Keiko Uemura3Asuka Kameyama4Anna Takei5Yuichi Hori6Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDannoue Eye Clinic, Kawasaki, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDannoue Eye Clinic, Kawasaki, JapanDannoue Eye Clinic, Kawasaki, JapanDannoue Eye Clinic, Kawasaki, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanPurposeTo investigate the prevalence of myopia and factors associated with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length to corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) ratio among Japanese preschool children.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated subjects aged 4–6 years from a preschool. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was measured using the Spot Vision Screener, while AL and corneal radius (CR) were measured using the Myopia Master. Parental myopia and environmental factors were investigated using the myopia-related factor questionnaire. The worse eye with higher myopic SE was chosen for analysis, and multiple linear regression models was performed using AL, SE, and AL/CR ratio as dependent variables.ResultsA total of 457 out of 514 participants (239 males, 52.3%) aged 4–6 years (mean 4.77 ± 0.65 years) were included. The mean SE was 0.13 ± 0.63 D, AL was 22.35 ± 0.67 mm, CR was 7.76 ± 0.25 mm, and AL/CR ratio was 2.88 ± 0.72. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that myopic SE was significantly associated with male sex (β = −0.14, p = 0.02) and parental myopia (β = −0.15, p = 0.04). Meanwhile, longer AL was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.13, p = 0.02), male sex (β = 0.44, p < 0.001), parental myopia (β = 0.24, p = 0.01), and screen time (including smartphones, tablets, and computers) (>1 h, β = 0.14, p = 0.04). A higher AL/CR was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.02, p < 0.001), male sex (β = 0.03, p < 0.001), ratio and parental myopia (β = 0.03, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively, among Japanese preschool children in 2021. Longer AL was associated with older age, male sex, parental myopia, and screen time in children aged 4–6 years. Children with a high risk of myopia can be identified early based on parental myopia information for early prevention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.901480/fullspherical equivalentaxial lengthaxial length to corneal radius of curvature ratiomyopiaparental myopiascreen time |
| spellingShingle | Saiko Matsumura Kazuhiko Dannoue Momoko Kawakami Keiko Uemura Asuka Kameyama Anna Takei Yuichi Hori Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children Frontiers in Public Health spherical equivalent axial length axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio myopia parental myopia screen time |
| title | Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children |
| title_full | Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children |
| title_short | Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children |
| title_sort | prevalence of myopia and its associated factors among japanese preschool children |
| topic | spherical equivalent axial length axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio myopia parental myopia screen time |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.901480/full |
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