Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk
Abstract Free oligosaccharides are abundant macronutrients in milk and involved in prebiotic functions and antiadhesive binding of viruses and pathogenic bacteria to colonocytes. Despite the importance of these oligosaccharides, structural determination of oligosaccharides is challenging, and milk o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15140-7 |
| _version_ | 1818547169715552256 |
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| author | Wei-Chien Weng Hung-En Liao Shih-Pei Huang Shang-Ting Tsai Hsu-Chen Hsu Chia Yen Liew Veeranjaneyulu Gannedi Shang-Cheng Hung Chi-Kung Ni |
| author_facet | Wei-Chien Weng Hung-En Liao Shih-Pei Huang Shang-Ting Tsai Hsu-Chen Hsu Chia Yen Liew Veeranjaneyulu Gannedi Shang-Cheng Hung Chi-Kung Ni |
| author_sort | Wei-Chien Weng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Free oligosaccharides are abundant macronutrients in milk and involved in prebiotic functions and antiadhesive binding of viruses and pathogenic bacteria to colonocytes. Despite the importance of these oligosaccharides, structural determination of oligosaccharides is challenging, and milk oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathways remain unclear. Oligosaccharide structures are conventionally determined using a combination of chemical reactions, exoglycosidase digestion, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Most reported free oligosaccharides are highly abundant and have lactose at the reducing end, and current oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathways in human milk are proposed based on these oligosaccharides. In this study, a new mass spectrometry technique, which can identify linkages, anomericities, and stereoisomers, was applied to determine the structures of free oligosaccharides in human, bovine, and caprine milk. Oligosaccharides that do not follow the current biosynthetic pathways and are not synthesized by any discovered enzymes were found, indicating the existence of undiscovered biosynthetic pathways and enzymes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6db1bbdef86f4cfea8bcd53dafbadcf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6db1bbdef86f4cfea8bcd53dafbadcf72022-12-22T00:32:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-06-0112111210.1038/s41598-022-15140-7Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milkWei-Chien Weng0Hung-En Liao1Shih-Pei Huang2Shang-Ting Tsai3Hsu-Chen Hsu4Chia Yen Liew5Veeranjaneyulu Gannedi6Shang-Cheng Hung7Chi-Kung Ni8Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaGenomic Research Center, Academia SinicaGenomic Research Center, Academia SinicaInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia SinicaAbstract Free oligosaccharides are abundant macronutrients in milk and involved in prebiotic functions and antiadhesive binding of viruses and pathogenic bacteria to colonocytes. Despite the importance of these oligosaccharides, structural determination of oligosaccharides is challenging, and milk oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathways remain unclear. Oligosaccharide structures are conventionally determined using a combination of chemical reactions, exoglycosidase digestion, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Most reported free oligosaccharides are highly abundant and have lactose at the reducing end, and current oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathways in human milk are proposed based on these oligosaccharides. In this study, a new mass spectrometry technique, which can identify linkages, anomericities, and stereoisomers, was applied to determine the structures of free oligosaccharides in human, bovine, and caprine milk. Oligosaccharides that do not follow the current biosynthetic pathways and are not synthesized by any discovered enzymes were found, indicating the existence of undiscovered biosynthetic pathways and enzymes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15140-7 |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Chien Weng Hung-En Liao Shih-Pei Huang Shang-Ting Tsai Hsu-Chen Hsu Chia Yen Liew Veeranjaneyulu Gannedi Shang-Cheng Hung Chi-Kung Ni Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk Scientific Reports |
| title | Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| title_full | Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| title_fullStr | Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| title_short | Unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| title_sort | unusual free oligosaccharides in human bovine and caprine milk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15140-7 |
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