Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract
A 70% ethanol<sub>(aq)</sub> extract of the rhizome bark of the invasive alien plant species Japanese knotweed (JKRB) with potent (in the range of vitamin C) and stable antioxidant activity was incorporated in 1% <i>w/v</i> into a chitosan biofoil, which was then characterize...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1200 |
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| author | Katerina Naumoska Urška Jug Kristi Kõrge Ana Oberlintner Majda Golob Uroš Novak Irena Vovk Blaž Likozar |
| author_facet | Katerina Naumoska Urška Jug Kristi Kõrge Ana Oberlintner Majda Golob Uroš Novak Irena Vovk Blaž Likozar |
| author_sort | Katerina Naumoska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 70% ethanol<sub>(aq)</sub> extract of the rhizome bark of the invasive alien plant species Japanese knotweed (JKRB) with potent (in the range of vitamin C) and stable antioxidant activity was incorporated in 1% <i>w/v</i> into a chitosan biofoil, which was then characterized on a lab-scale. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of the JKRB biofoil upon contact with the food simulants A, B, C, and D1 (measured half-maximal inhibitory concentrations—IC<sub>50</sub>) and supported the Folin–Ciocalteu assay result. The migration of the antioxidant marker, (−)-epicatechin, into all food simulants (A, B, C, D1, D2, and E) was quantified using liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Calculations showed that 1 cm<sup>2</sup> of JKRB biofoil provided antioxidant activity to ~0.5 L of liquid food upon 1 h of contact. The JKRB biofoil demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The incorporation of JKRB into the chitosan biofoil resulted in improved tensile strength from 0.75 MPa to 1.81 MPa, while elongation decreased to 28%. JKRB biofoil’s lower moisture content compared to chitosan biofoil was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between chitosan biofoil and JKRB compounds, further confirmed with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The JKRB biofoil completely degraded in compost in 11 days. The future upscaled production of JKRB biofoil from biowastes for active packaging may support the fights against plastic waste, food waste, and the invasiveness of Japanese knotweed, while greatly contributing to the so-called ‘zero-waste’ strategy and the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6db53ed8bc8c43b0b03120eb452492ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6db53ed8bc8c43b0b03120eb452492ea2023-11-23T15:21:19ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-06-01116120010.3390/antiox11061200Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark ExtractKaterina Naumoska0Urška Jug1Kristi Kõrge2Ana Oberlintner3Majda Golob4Uroš Novak5Irena Vovk6Blaž Likozar7Laboratory for Food Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaLaboratory for Food Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaLaboratory for Food Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, SloveniaA 70% ethanol<sub>(aq)</sub> extract of the rhizome bark of the invasive alien plant species Japanese knotweed (JKRB) with potent (in the range of vitamin C) and stable antioxidant activity was incorporated in 1% <i>w/v</i> into a chitosan biofoil, which was then characterized on a lab-scale. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of the JKRB biofoil upon contact with the food simulants A, B, C, and D1 (measured half-maximal inhibitory concentrations—IC<sub>50</sub>) and supported the Folin–Ciocalteu assay result. The migration of the antioxidant marker, (−)-epicatechin, into all food simulants (A, B, C, D1, D2, and E) was quantified using liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Calculations showed that 1 cm<sup>2</sup> of JKRB biofoil provided antioxidant activity to ~0.5 L of liquid food upon 1 h of contact. The JKRB biofoil demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The incorporation of JKRB into the chitosan biofoil resulted in improved tensile strength from 0.75 MPa to 1.81 MPa, while elongation decreased to 28%. JKRB biofoil’s lower moisture content compared to chitosan biofoil was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between chitosan biofoil and JKRB compounds, further confirmed with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The JKRB biofoil completely degraded in compost in 11 days. The future upscaled production of JKRB biofoil from biowastes for active packaging may support the fights against plastic waste, food waste, and the invasiveness of Japanese knotweed, while greatly contributing to the so-called ‘zero-waste’ strategy and the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1200Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extractchitosanantioxidant biofoilantimicrobial activitybiodegradable materialactive packaging |
| spellingShingle | Katerina Naumoska Urška Jug Kristi Kõrge Ana Oberlintner Majda Golob Uroš Novak Irena Vovk Blaž Likozar Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract Antioxidants Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extract chitosan antioxidant biofoil antimicrobial activity biodegradable material active packaging |
| title | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Biofoil Based on Chitosan and Japanese Knotweed (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>, Houtt.) Rhizome Bark Extract |
| title_sort | antioxidant and antimicrobial biofoil based on chitosan and japanese knotweed i fallopia japonica i houtt rhizome bark extract |
| topic | Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extract chitosan antioxidant biofoil antimicrobial activity biodegradable material active packaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1200 |
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