Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy
The bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion),...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14756 |
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| author | Sudhir Kumar Yadav Kouichi Ito Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut |
| author_facet | Sudhir Kumar Yadav Kouichi Ito Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut |
| author_sort | Sudhir Kumar Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion), as well as the development of the mucosal immune system. Conversely, the gut can influence the CNS via intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and gut-homing immune cells. Growing evidence suggests that gut immunity is critically involved in gut–brain communication during health and diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The gut microbiota can influence the development and function of gut immunity, and conversely, the innate and adaptive mucosal immunity can influence microbiota composition. Gut and systemic immunity, along with gut microbiota, are perturbed in MS. Diet and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can affect the composition of the gut microbial community, leading to changes in gut and peripheral immunity, which ultimately affects MS. A high-fat diet is highly associated with gut dysbiosis-mediated inflammation and intestinal permeability, while a high-fiber diet/short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can promote the development of Foxp3 Tregs and improvement in intestinal barrier function, which subsequently suppress CNS autoimmunity in the animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or EAE). This review will address the role of gut immunity and its modulation by diet and DMTs via gut microbiota during MS pathophysiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:53:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6dcc9da75e24445da8ae903c08c233c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:53:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6dcc9da75e24445da8ae903c08c233c82023-11-30T20:46:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124191475610.3390/ijms241914756Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune TherapySudhir Kumar Yadav0Kouichi Ito1Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut2Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USADepartment of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USADepartment of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAThe bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion), as well as the development of the mucosal immune system. Conversely, the gut can influence the CNS via intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and gut-homing immune cells. Growing evidence suggests that gut immunity is critically involved in gut–brain communication during health and diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The gut microbiota can influence the development and function of gut immunity, and conversely, the innate and adaptive mucosal immunity can influence microbiota composition. Gut and systemic immunity, along with gut microbiota, are perturbed in MS. Diet and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can affect the composition of the gut microbial community, leading to changes in gut and peripheral immunity, which ultimately affects MS. A high-fat diet is highly associated with gut dysbiosis-mediated inflammation and intestinal permeability, while a high-fiber diet/short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can promote the development of Foxp3 Tregs and improvement in intestinal barrier function, which subsequently suppress CNS autoimmunity in the animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or EAE). This review will address the role of gut immunity and its modulation by diet and DMTs via gut microbiota during MS pathophysiology.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14756central nervous system autoimmunitymultiple sclerosisgut immunitygut microbiotadietdisease-modifying therapies |
| spellingShingle | Sudhir Kumar Yadav Kouichi Ito Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences central nervous system autoimmunity multiple sclerosis gut immunity gut microbiota diet disease-modifying therapies |
| title | Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy |
| title_full | Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy |
| title_short | Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy |
| title_sort | interaction of the gut microbiome and immunity in multiple sclerosis impact of diet and immune therapy |
| topic | central nervous system autoimmunity multiple sclerosis gut immunity gut microbiota diet disease-modifying therapies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14756 |
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